Region 1

ILOCOS REGION
Ilocos Norte,
Ilocos Sur,
La Union, &
Pangasinan
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ILOCOS REGION
PROVINCE CAPITAL
Ilocos Norte Laoag City

Ilocos Sur Vigan

La Union San Fernando City

Pangasinan Lingayen

= Regional Capital
ILOCOS NORTE FOUNDED:1818

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Product and Industries
• Agriculture- rice, corn, garlic, legumes, root crops,
tobacco, and other fruits and vegetable
• Fishery- tilapia and assorted fishes Livestock-
swine and cattle
• Cottage industries- loom weaving, furniture,
ceramics, iron works
• Manufacturing and food processing- salt,
empanada, bagoong, patis, basi(native Ilocano
wine), vinegar, longganisa, chicharon, bagnet,
chicharon(cornick), jewelry, garments
Wind power- Ilocos Norte’s possition on
the norhwest corner of Luzon makes it deal
for wind power generation.
ILOCOS SUR FOUNDED: 1572
Founded by Juan de Salcedo

Industries in the province are mostly small

and medium scale ones in the areas of
pottery, ceramics and Ilocos Sur furniture
making. These industries absorb more than
half of the population total employment.

The ubiquitous old and ancestral houses and

churches have made the local tourism
industry a major contributor to the province's
economy. Other tourist attractions include
natural scenic spots and industries such as
pottery and ceramics.
LA UNION FOUNDED:

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March 2, 1850

The province is one of the country's two major

producers of tobacco. Its other major agricultural
products include banana, coconut and mango
aside from rice.

It has more than 110 kilometers of coastline. The

pristine waters of strategically located coastal
municipalities make the province a major fishing
ground and likewise a top destination for
tourists.

Small and medium enterprises are thriving in the

province with the booming small-scale industries
like pottery making and sericulture.
PANGASINAN FOUNDED:
April 5,1580

The province's economy is mainly agricultural due to

its vast fertile plains. More than 44 percent of its
agricultural area is devoted to crop production.
Aside from being one of the Philippine's rice
granaries, Pangasinan is also a major producer of
coconut, mango and eggplant.

As a coastal province, marine and inland fishing

have become one of the major economic activities
of the people.
TOURIST
SPOTS IN
ILOCOS REGION
 01
CALLE
CRISOLOGO
The most famous and major tourist magnet in Vigan, Calle
Crisologo is full of Spanish-styled houses that gives people
of this generation a glimpse of the Spanish era. This street
also features the prosperous lifestyle of the said era
because of the Manila-Acapulco trade.
 02
HUNDRED
ISLANDS
The Hundred Islands National Park is situated in Alaminos City, Pangasinan.
Also known as “Kapulo-puloan” or “Taytay-Bakes,” these little Islands are one
of the most magnificent natural geological formations in the Philippines

The islands are dispersed along the Lingayen Gulf and have a total land area
of 1,844 hectares or 18.44 square kilometers. There are 124 islands here but
one gets submerged in water during high tide.
 03
MA-CHO TEMPLE,
SAN FERNANDO
LA UNION
A picturesque temple found on top a hill. It is the first Taoist
temple and only one in the Philippines that is dedicated to
the Chinese sea-goddess Mazu. Some of its interesting
features include the towering main building crowned by an
unusual spider-type dome, the Majestic Five Door Gate, and
interiors filled with ancient Chinese decorations. As you can
imagine, a lot of people come here to get a selfie with the
sign “Macho.”
 04
BANGUI
WINDMILLS
These windmills have become one of the major
attractions of Ilocos and have since become a symbol for
Ilocos Norte. It was constructed primarily to provide
electricity throughout the province. It is conveniently
located at a 9 kilometer stretch farm that faces the South
China Sea, the right spot for strong winds.
 05
PAGBURNAYAN
OF VIGAN CITY
Pagburnayan, comes from the root word burnay.
It refers to the hand-crafted earthenware pots
made from Vigan. Bantog clays these are called.
They’re dug from the western barangays of the
city.
 06
Kapurpurawan
Rock Formation
Found in the rocky parts of Burgos, Ilocos Norte, these
rock formations cannot be classified as something
common as they are formed over years and years to a
formation that you’d unexpectedly see. For some reasons,
seeing Kapurpurawan Rocks makes you realize that when
nature works, it’s definitely something that no human can
ever accomplish.
N O TA B L E
PERSONS OF
ILOCOS REGION
Diego Silang and Ferdinand
Gabriela Silang Jose Burgos Marcos

1 The first major

revolution waged
against the Spaniards
was waged by the
Silangs during the time
of the British forces’
military incursion in the
Philippines which began
in September 1762.
2
one of
the Gomburza
martyrs during the
Spanish
Occupation 3
The tenth President of
the Philippines
from 1965 to 1986. He
ruled as a dictator
under martial law from
1972 until 1981. His
regime was infamous
for its corruption,
extravagance, and
brutality.
Fidel Ramos Elpidio Quirino

4 a retired Filipino general

and politician who
served as the 12th
President of the
Philippines from 1992 to
1998. At age 91, he is
currently the oldest
living former Philippine
President.
5 served as the
sixth President of the
Philippines from 1948
to 1953. Quiríno's five
years as president were
marked by notable
postwar reconstruction,
general economic gains
and increased economic
aid from the United
States.
C U LT U R E A N D
TRADITIONS
TRADITION

WEDDING
TRADITION

The groom makes a panagpudno (formal

announcement) to the soon-to-be bride’s
parents about his intention of marrying their
daughter. His parents will then visit the bride’s
parents to set the wedding date. Usually,
parents consult a planetario, which is like an
almanac that identifies “lucky” days.
TRADITION

DEATH
TRADITION

To announce a death of a family member, a

piece of atong wood is lit in front of the
deceased’s house. It is kept burning until after
the burial. The fire is extinguished with white
wine.
FESTIVITY
PISTAY
DAYAT
FESTIVAL

Pistay Dayat Festival is celebrated every May 1

in Lingayen, Pangasinan. Pistay Dayat means
“Sea Festival,” as it is a thanksgiving festival for
the year’s abundant harvest from the sea.
FESTIVITY

VIVA VIGAN
FESTIVAL

The Viva Vigan Festival of Arts is celebrated

during the first week of the month of May.
It was started in 1993 by the Save Vigan
Ancestral Homes Association, Inc. (SVAHAI)
to promote awareness of the value of the
historic town, which was hoped to
strengthen resolve to preserve and protect
this heritage site.
FESTIVITY
BACCARA
FARMERS
FESTIVAL

The Baccara Farmers Festival is a celebration

where farmers can show that they can also
have a good time. Festivities include street
dancing, a float parade, and an agro-industrial
trade fair. One of the highly-anticipated events
in this celebration is a farmer's contest for the
biggest farm harvest and livestock.
C U LT U R A L D A N C E

PANDANGO
OASIWAS

Pandango Oasiwas is a Spanish Fandango

dance with its origins coming from the fishing
town of Lingayen in Pangasinan. Following
their good catch, the fishermen will usually
celebrate by drinking wine and dancing, and by
swinging and circling with the lighted lamps on
the hands of the dancers. The graceful & lively
moves of the dancers gave the name ‘Oasiwas‘
which in the local dialect is known as
‘swinging‘.
C U LT U R A L D A N C E

BINASUAN
DANCE

The binasuan is a Filipino folk dance in which

the performer holds full wine glasses in each
hand while performing balancing tricks. Wine
may be used to fill the glasses, but other
liquids may be substituted.
THE
ILOCANO
L I T E R AT U R E
 PEDRO
BUKANEG

• "Father of Ilocano literature."

Coloumn • He is the acknowledged author of the

Ilocano epic Biag ni Lam-ang.
chart
Don Juan and his wife Namongan lived in Nalbuan, now part of La
Union in the northern part of the Philippines. They had a son named
Lam-ang. Before Lam-ang was born, Don Juan went to the mountains
in order to punish a group of their Igorot enemies. While he was
away, his son Lam-ang was born. It took four people to help
Namongan give birth. As soon as the baby boy popped out, he spoke
and asked that he be given the name Lam-ang. He also chose his
godparents and asked where his father was.

After nine months of waiting for his father to return, Lam-ang

decided he would go look for him. Namongan thought Lam- ang was
up to the challenge but she was sad to let him go. During his
exhausting journey, he decided to rest for awhile. He fell asleep and
had a dream about his father’s head being stuck on a pole by the
Igorot. Lam-ang was furious when he learned what had happened to
BIAG NI
his father. He rushed to their village and killed them all, except for
one whom he let go so that he could tell other people about Lam-
ang’s greatness.
LAM-ANG
Upon returning to Nalbuan in triumph, he was bathed by women in
the Amburayan river. All the fish died because of the dirt and odor
from Lam-ang’s body.

There was a young woman named Ines Kannoyan whom Lam-ang

wanted to woo. She lived in Calanutian and he brought along his
white rooster and gray dog to visit her. On the way, Lam-ang met his
enemy Sumarang, another suitor of Ines whom he fought and readily
defeated.
Lam-ang found the house of Ines surrounded by many suitors all of
whom were trying to catch her attention. He had his rooster crow,
which caused a nearby house to fall. This made Ines look out. He had
his dog bark and in an instant the fallen house rose up again. The
girl’s parents witnessed this and called for him. The rooster
expressed the love of Lam-ang. The parents agreed to a marriage
with their daughter if Lam-ang would give them a dowry valued at
double their wealth. Lam-ang had no problem fulfilling this condition
and he and Ines were married.
BIAG NI
It was a tradition to have a newly married man swim in the river for
LAM-ANG
the rarang fish. Unfortunately, Lam-ang dove straight into the mouth
of the water monster Berkakan. Ines had Marcos get his bones,
which she covered with a piece of cloth. His rooster crowed and his
dog barked and slowly the bones started to move. Back alive, Lam-
ang and his wife lived happily ever after with his white rooster and
gray dog.
 LEONORA
FLORENTINO

• Mother of Philippine Women's Literature

• April 19, 1849 - October 4, 1884
Coloumn • Poet in Spanish and Ilocano.
• At the age of 10, she can write poems in
chart Ilocano and speak well in Spanish.
• Was really intelligent, yet she wasn’t
allowed to study due to her sex.
 Amangan a ragsac ken talecda
dagiti adda caayanayatda
(1) ta adda piman mangricna
Cadagiti isuamin a asugda
Ilunodconto ti horas
nga innac pannacayanac
(4) ta mamenribo coma a naseseat
Ni gasatco o nababa
no natayac idin ta nayanacac.
Nalpay A Aoanen ngatat capadana,
(2) ta cunac diac agduadua

Namnama ta agdama ngarud nga innac

agsagaba.
Poem by
Ta nupay no agayatac
Leona Florentino
iti maysa a imnas
(3) aoan lat’ pagripriripac
nga adda pacaibatucag
https://helpinghandforstudents.wordpress.com/2014/01/24/
nalpay-na-namnama-by-leona-florentino/
Gagayayec coma a ipalaoag.
ngem bumdeng met toy dilac
(5) a ta maquitac met a sibabatad
nga ni pay ti calac-amac.
Ngem umanayento a liolioac
ti pannacaammon itoy a panagayat,
(6)
ta icaric kenca ket isapatac
nga sica aoan sabali ti pacayatac
 What gladness and what joy
are endowed to one who is loved
(1) for truly there is one to share
Shall I curse the hour
all his sufferings and his pain. when first I saw the light of day
(4) would it not have been better a
thousand times
My fate is dim, my stars so low I had died when I was born.
perhaps nothing to it can
(2)
compare,
Blasted for truly I do not doubt Would I want to explain
(5) but my tongue remains
for presently I suffer so.
Hopes powerless
for now do I clearly see
to be spurned is my lot
English Version of For even I did love,
Nalpay A Namnama the beauty whom I desired
(3) never do I fully realize But would it be my greatest joy
that I am worthy of her. to know that it is you I love,
(6) for to you do I vow and a promise
I make
it’s you alone for whom I would
.
lay my life
 CARLOS
BULOSAN

• Born to Ilocano parents in the Philippines in

Binalonan, Pangasinan.
Coloumn • Most of his youth was spent in the
countryside as a farmer.
chart • His hometown is the starting point of his
famous semi-autobiographical novel,
America is in the Heart.
• Left for America at the age of 17.
It was one of those lean years of our lives. Our rice field was destroyed by locusts
that came from the neighboring towns. When the locusts were gone, we planted
string beans but a fire burned the whole plantation. My brothers went away
because they got tired working for nothing. Mother and my sisters went from
house to house, asking for something to do, but every family was plagued with
some kind of disaster. The children walked in the streets looking for the fruit that
fell to the ground from the acacia tree. The men hung on the fence around the
market and watched the meat dealers hungrily. We were all suffering from lack
of proper food.

But the professional gamblers had money. They sat in the fish
MY FATHER’S
house at the station and gave their orders aloud. The loafers and
other bystanders watched them eat boiled rice and fried fish with TRAGEDY
silver spoons. They never used forks because the prongs stuck Short story by Carlo
between their teeth. They always cut their lips and tongues with Bulsan
the knives, so they never asked for them. If the waiter was new and
he put the knives on the table, they looked at each other furtively
and slipped them into their pockets. They washed their hands in
one big wooden bowl of water and wiped their mouths with the
leaves of the arbor trees that fell on the ground.
The rainy season was approaching. There were rumors of famine. The grass did not grow and our carabao
became thin. Father’s fighting cock, Burick, was practically the only healthy thing in our household. Its father,
Kanaway, had won a house for us some three years before, and Fathers had commanded me to give it the
choicest rice. He took the soft-boiled eggs from the plate of my sister Marcela, who was sick with meningitis
that year. He was preparing Burick for something big, but the great catastrophe came to our town. The
peasants and most of the rich men spent their money on food. They had stopped going to the cockpit for fear
of temptation; if they went at all, they just sat in the gallery and shouted at the top of their lungs. They went
home with their heads down, thinking of the money they would have won.

It was during this impasse that Father sat every day in our backyard with his fighting cock. He
would not go anywhere. He would not do anything. He just sat there caressing Burick and
exercising his legs. He spat at his hackles and rubbed them, looking far away with a big dream.
When mother came home with some food, he went to the granary and sat there till evening.
Sometimes he slept there with Burick, but at dawn the cock woke him up with its majestic
crowing. He crept into the house and fumbled for the cold rice in the pot under the stove.
Then, he put the cock in the pen and slept on the bench all day.

Mother was very patient. But the day came when she kicked him off the bench. He fell on the floor
face down, looked up at her, and then resumed his sleep. Mother took my sister Francisca with her.
They went from house to house in the neighborhood, pounding rice for some people and hauling
drinking water for others. They came home with their share in a big basket that Mother carried on
her head.
Father was still sleeping on the bench when they arrived. Mother told my sister to cook some of the rice. The
dipped a cup in the jar and splashed the cold water on Father’s face. He jumped up, looked at mother with
anger, and went to Burick’s pen. He gathered the cock in his arms and went down the porch. He sat on a log
in the backyard and started caressing his fighting cock.

Mother went on with her washing. Francisca fed Marcela with some boiled rice. Father was still caressing
Burick. Mother was mad at him.

“Is that all you can do?” she shouted at him.

“Why do you say that to me?” Father said, “I’m thinking of some ways to become rich.”

Mother threw a piece of wood at the cock. Father saw her in time. He ducked and covered the cock with his body.
The wood struck him. It cut a hole at the base of his head. He got up and examined Burick. He acted as though the
cock were the one that got hurt. He looked up at Mother and his face was pitiful.

“Why don’t you see what you are doing?” he said, hugging Burick.

“I would like to wring that cock’s neck,” mother said.

“That’s his fortune,” I said.

Mother looked sharply atme. “Shut up, idiot!” she said. “ You are becoming more like your father every day.”
I watched her eyes move foolishly. I thought she would cry. She tucked her skirt between her legs and went
on with her work. I ran down the ladder and went to the granary, where Father was treating the wound on
his head. I held the cock for him.

“Take good care of it, son,” he said.

“Yes, Sir,” I said.

“Go to the river and exercise its legs. Come back right away. We are going to town.”
I rand down the street with the cock, avoiding the pigs and dogs that came in my way. I
plunged into the water in my clothes and swam with Burick. I put some water in my mouth and
blew it into his face. I ran back to our house slapping the water off my clothes. Father and I
went to the cockpit.

It was Sunday, but there were many loafers and gamblers at the place. There were peasants and
teachers. There was a strange man who had a black fighting cock. He had come from one of the
neighboring towns to seek his fortune in our cockpit.

His name was Burcio. He held her our cock above his head and closed one eye, looking sharply at
Burick’s eyes. He put it on the ground and bent over it, pressing down the cock’s back with his hands.
Burcio was testing Burick’s strength. The loafers and gamblers formed a ring around them, watching
Burcio’s deft hands expertly moving around Burick.
Father also tested the cock of Burcio. He threw it in the air and watched it glide smoothly to the ground. He
sparred with it. The black cock pecked at his legs and stopped to crow proudly for the bystanders. Father
picked it up and spread its wings, feeling the tough hide beneath the feathers.

The bystanders knew that a fight was about to be matched. They counted the money in their pockets
without showing it to their neighbors. They felf the edges of the coins with amazing swiftness and accuracy.
Only a highly magnified amplifier could have recorded the tiny clink of the coins that fell between deft
fingers. The caressing rustle of the paper money was inaudible. The peasants broke from the ring and hid
behind the coconut trees. They unfolded their handkerchiefs and counted their money. They rolled the paper
money in their hands and returned to the crowd. They waited for the final decision.

“Shall we make it this coming Sunday?” Burcio asked.

“It’s too soon for my Burick,” Father said. His hand moved mechanically into his pocket. But it was empty. He
looked around at his cronies.

But two of the peasants caught Father’s arm and whispered something to him. They slipped some
money in his hand and pushed him toward Burcio. He tried to estimate the amount of money in his
hand by balling it hard. It was one of his many tricks with money. He knew right away that he had
some twenty-peso bills. A light of hope appeared in his face.
“This coming Sunday is all right,” he said.

All at once the men broke into wild confusion. Some went to Burcio with their money; others went to Father.
They were not bettors, but inventors. Their money would back up the cocks at the cockpit.

In the late afternoon the fight was arranged. We returned to our house with some hope.
Father put Burick in the pen and told me to go to the fish ponds across the river. I ran down
the road with mounting joy. I found a fish pond under the camachile tree. It was the favorite
haunt of snails and shrimps. Then I went home.

Mother was cooking something good. I smelled it the moment I entered the gate. I rushed into
the house and spilled some of the snails on the floor. Mother was at the stove. She was stirring
the ladle in the boiling pot. Father was still sleeping on the bench. Francisca was feeding
Marcela with hot soup. I put the nails and shrimps in a pot and sat on the bench.

Mother was cooking chicken with some bitter melons. I sat wondering where she got it. I knew that
our poultry house in the village was empty. We had no poultry in town. Father opened his eyes when
he heard the bubbling pot.
Mother put the rice on a big wooden platter and set it on the table she filled our plates with chicken meat
and ginger. Father got up suddenly and went to the table. Francisca sat by the stove. Father was reaching for
the white meat in the platter when Mother slapped his hand away. She was saying grace. Then we put our
legs under the table and started eating.

It was our first tatse of chicken in a long time. Father filled his plate twice and ate very little rice. He usually
ate more rice when we had only salted fish and some leaves of tress. We ate “grass” most of the time. Father
tilted his plate and took the soup noisily, as though he were drinking wine. He put the empty plate near the
pot and asked for some chicken meat.

“It is good chicken,” he said.

Mother was very quiet. She put the breast on a plate and told Francisca to give it to Marcela. She gave me some
bitter melons. Father put his hand in the pot and fished out a drumstick.

“Where did you get this lovely chicken?” he asked.

“Where do you think I got it?” Mother said.

 The drumstick fell from his mouth. It rolled into the
space between the bamboo splits and fell on the
ground. Our dog snapped it and ran away. Father’s
face broke in great agony. He rushed outside the
house. I could hear him running toward the highway.
MY FATHER’S My sister continued eating, but my appetite was
gone.
TRAGEDY “What are you doing, Son?” Mother said. “Eat your
Short story by Carlo chicken.”
Bulsan

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http://wsosapercu.blogspot.com/2010/08/my-fathers-tragedy-by-carlos-bulosan.html
Reflection