Introduction Ceramics & Glass

(1st Meeting)
Dr. Widyastuti. S.Si, M.Si
Department of Material Eng FTI ITS
 Learning Outcome (LO)
• Students are able to explain the history of the development of
ceramic and glass materials
• Students are able to calculate, develop and analyze bonds between
atoms
• Students are able to calculate and solve crystal system problems
• Students are able to calculate and resolve defects in crystals
• Students are able to calculate and solve crystal system problems
• Students are able to calculate and solve manufacturing problems in
ceramics and glass
• Students are able to calculate and solve special nature problems in
ceramics and glass
 References
• M.W Barsoum.”Fundamentals of Ceramics, The McGraw-
Hill Companies,Inc., New York.,1997
• Kingery, W.D, et all,” Introduction to Ceramics”, 2nd edn,
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1976
• C. Barry Carter, M. Grant Norton “Ceramic Materials:
Science and Engineering” Springer-Verlag New York 2013
• Robert H. Doremus, James F. Shackelford, Robert H.
Doremus ”Ceramic and Glass Materials: Structure,
Properties and Processing” Springer US (2008)
 Content
• Preliminary
• Atomic Bond Crystal system in ceramics
• Defects in crystal systems
• Phase Diagram on ceramics
• Ceramic and glass synthesis
• Manufacturing process in ceramics and glass
• Special properties of ceramics and glass
 Scoring System

No Scoring System Percentage

1 Task/ Homework 20%

2 Mid Test (ETS) 25%

3 Final Test (EAS) 30%

4 Journal Presentation 25%

 Task 1 (group 4 student)
Describe the differences between ceramic and
other material (15 Minutes : min 10 item)
Aspect Ceramics
Compared

Visual

Density

Example
Where is Ceramic ?
1. Metal (Fe, Mg, Ti, Al, dll)
2. Non- Metal (N2, H2, O2, dll)
3. NMESs (Non Metallic Element Solids):
B,P,S,C,Si,Ge
• Only a little is used in its pure form Combined
to obtain certain characteristics (according to
the requirements / technical applications)
 Definition
• Ceramic is combination between:
- Metal + Non Metal
- Metal + NMESs
- Non Metal + NMESs
- NMESs + NMESs
Example of Ceramic:
• MgO  Mg (Metal)+O2(Non Metal/gas)
• SiO2  Si (NMESs) + O2(NonMetal/gas)
• TiC  Ti (Metal) + C(NMESs)
• SiC  Si (NMESs) + C(NMESs)
 Scope of Ceramics
• Ceramics are not limited to binary alloys, even to
complex alloys such as, BaTiO3, YBa2Cu3O7, Ti3SiC2,
(BaSr)TiO3, Pb(MnNb)O3, FeMgFeO4, FeTiFeO4,
ZnFe2O4, MgAl2O3, FeAl2O4, MnAl2O4, etc
• Thus oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, silica from
metals and NMESs are classified as ceramic materials.
• So, stones, mud, clay, dust, sand, cement, bricks, glass,
tiles, walls, rust and almost everything on the surface
of the earth is in the world of ceramics
 General Properties of Ceramics
• Mechanical properties: Hard, Wear resistant /
friction, Getas / easily broken / cracked, High
Temperature Resistance
• Thermal Properties: High Temperature
Resistance - Electrical properties: Isolator,
except superconducting ceramics
• Magnetic Properties: Not magnetic, except
ceramics based on ferrite with spinel structure
• Optical Properties: Instrinsically Transparent
 Traditional Vs Advanced Ceramic
Traditional Ceramics Advanced Ceramics
Clay/Silicate based Non Clay/Silicate based
Low Purity High Purity
Simple manufacturing Complex manufacturing
process ( Simple, process (complex, homogen,
unhomogen low porosity, single phase)
microstructure, high
porosity, multiphase)
Example : Brick, sanitary Resistor, coating technology,
ware superconductor
 Home Work (individual)
• Find 10 ceramic material and chemical
Formula
 Glass
• An inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a rigid condition
without crystallization
• An amorphous solid.
• Lacking detectable crystallinity
• only short-range atomic order
• glassy or vitreouGlass is made from Sand
• Main Component of glass is silica
• General Properties of Glass
1. Hard but brittle
2. Chemically Inert
3. Non Permeable to gas and Liquid (fluid)
4. Non conductive for electricity or heat
5. Transparent
Crystal versus Glassy Ceramics
– Crystalline ceramics have long-range order, with
components composed of many individually
oriented grains.

– Glassy materials possess short-range order, and

generally do not form individual grains.

– Most of the structural ceramics are crystalline.

 FUSED GLASS
• Simplest glass
• Main component : Silica
• General Properties
1. High purity, optical transparency
2.Chemical durability
3. High softening point
4. Low CTE
5. Difficult and expensive to produce
• Application : Laboratory glassware, Telescope mirror,
lenses, optical fiber
•
 Soda Lime Glass
• Common glass
• Produced by heating silica with sodium oxide and
calcium oxide
• General Properties:
1. Low softening point (easy to make into different
shape)
2. High thermal coefficient of expansion
3. Low resistance to chemical attacks
• Application : glass bottle, window panes, bulb
glass,
 Borosilicate Glass
• Boron Oxide is added to soda lime glass
• Developed by Otto Schott (german glassmaker)
• General Properties:
1. Very low CTE
2. High softening point
3. Resistant to termal shock
4. Chemically resistant
• Application : laboratory glassware/boiling tube,
Cook ware
 Lead Glass
• Commontly known as lead Crystal
• Produced by using lead oxide and pottasium
oxide
• High refractive index, relatively soft surface (easy
to grind,cut and egrave)
• General Properties :
1. High Refractive index
2. High density
3. Attractive glitery/shiny appearance
• Application : Prisma, parfum bottle, decorative
PPT Sources:
1. Vania Mitha PPT handout 2017
2. https://www.slideshare.net/LindaMah/chap-
9-glass-n-ceramic
3. MASE 542/Chem 442, Ceramics and Glasses.
https://ais.ku.edu.tr/.../lecture%205%20cera
mics%20glasses