ACID,BASE AND SALT

By
IIN INDRIYATI
Biology Teacher of SMP 1 Wonosari
A. Competence Standard : 5. To understand the characteristic
of acid, base and salt
B. Basic Competence : 5.1 To identify the characteristic of

acid, base and salt by using

accurate tools and indicators

 Objective :
1. Student able to identify the characteristic of acid, base and
salt after do experiment
ACID
 Acid is a substance that releases hydrogen
ion ( H+) when it’s dissolved in water and a
negative ion will be formed according to the
following reaction :
 Acid H+ + negative ion
example :
HCl H+ + Cl –
(Hydrochloric acid)
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-
(Sulfuric acid)
Acid characteristics

 There are corosive, meaning they can

destroy other materials including metal,
marble,
 They have sour taste
 They can conduct electricity.
 They can change blue litmus to red
 They have a pH of less than 7
Acids Affect Indicators, by
changing their color

Blue litmus paper turns red in

contact with an acid (and red paper stays
red).
Matters that contain acid

 Lemon
 Tomato
 Vinegar
 Manggo
 Starfruit
 etc
Strong Acids

 Strong acids are very corrosive. They

react with metals and can cause severe
burns on the skin. They conduct
electricity well.
 Strong acids:
Hydrochloric HCl
Nitric HNO3
Sulfuric H2SO4
Hydrobromic HBr
 Acids
have a
pH
less
than 7
 Base
Base is substance that releases hydroxide
ion (OH-) when it’s dissolved in water and
positive ions are formed according to the
following reaction
Base positive ion + OH-
Example : NaOH Na+ + OH-
Sodium hydroxide

NH4OH NH4+ + OH-

Ammonium hydroxide
 Base characteristics
 They caustic, meaning they can damage
our skin or other materials
 They feel smooth on our hand
 They have bitter taste
 They can change red litmus to blue
 Bases Affect Indicators

Red litmus paper

turns blue in contact
with a base (and blue paper Phenolphthalein
stays blue).
turns purple in a
base.
Bases
have a
pH
greater
than 7
Bases Neutralize Acids
Milk of Magnesia contains
magnesium hydroxide,
Mg(OH)2, which neutralizes
stomach acid, HCl.

2 HCl + Mg(OH)2

Magnesium salts can cause

diarrhea (thus they are used
MgCl2 + 2 H2O as a laxative) and may also
cause kidney stones.
 Matters that contain base
 Soap
 Detergent
 Thootpaste
 Bakingsoda
 Stomach medicine/ Antasid (obat perut)
 etc
 Common Bases
 Sodium hydroxide NaOH
 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
 Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2
 Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH
 SALT
 Salt is formed by reaction between acid
and base
 The reaction between Acid and Base is
called the neutralization reaction
 Acid + Base Salt + Water
 Example : NaCl
 HCl (asam) + NaOH (basa) --------- NaCl
(garam dapur) + H2O (air)
 Measuring pH
 Why measure pH?
 Everyday solutions
we use - everything
from swimming pools,
soil conditions for
plants, medical
diagnosis, soaps and
shampoos, etc.
 Sometimes we can use
indicators, other times
we might need a pH
meter
How to measure pH with wide-range paper

1. Moisten the pH
indicator paper strip
2.Compare the color
with a few drops of
to the chart on the vial
solution, by using a
– then read the pH
stirring rod.
value.
Some of the
many pH
Indicators
and their
pH range
 Acid – Base Indicators
Artificial indicators :  Natural indicators :
- Lithmus paper - Hibiscus
- Universal indicator - Turmeric
- Phenolphthalein - Red cabbage
- Red methil - Mangosteen
- Blue bromthymol
 SIFAT – SIFAT SENYAWA ASAM DAN BASA

Asam Basa
1, Rasa asam 1, Rasa pahit / getir

2, Korosif 2, Kaustik

3, Memerahkan lakmus biru 3, Membirukan lakmus merah

4, pH < 7 4, pH > 7

5, Tidak berwarna dengan indikator pp 5, Berwarna merah dengan indikator pp

6, Dapat menetralkan senyawa basa 6, Dapat menetralkan senyawa asam

 Thank’s you

 See you next time

 Good by