PHILOSOPHY AS FOUNDATIONS

OF ETHICAL THINKING
• Introduction
• Clarifications and Terminologies
•
•
• aesthetics- from Greek word 'aisthesis' ("sense"
or "feeling")
• -judgments or personal approval or disapproval
• ETHICS- about matters such as the good thing
that we should pursue and the bad thing that
we should avoid
• Moral- refer to specific beliefs or attitude that
people have.
• - individual's personal conduct
• - about what is acceptable and unacceptable in
human behavior.
• Philosophy
• - rooted in Greek words meaning “love
of wisdom” (philia is the noun often
translated into english as some form of
"friendship” or “love”, while sophia
meaning “wisdom”)
• Philosophy remains as the unique
discipline that asks significant questions
that other fields are unable to address.
• Different Branches or Areas of
Philosophy correspond to some
questions are as follows:
•Metaphysics
•Epistemology
•Axiology
DESCRIPTIVE AND NORMATIVE
STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR
DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS- it simply
involves describing how people behave
and/or what sorts of moral standards
they claim to follow.

NORMATIVE ETHICS- is the study of ethical action.

It is the branch of philosophical ethics that
investigates the set of questions that arise when
considering how one ought to act, morally
speaking.
MORAL ISSUE

•are those actions which have the potential

to help or harm others or ourselves.
MORAL DECISION
•This is when a person is put into a situation
where they must make a moral decision.
MORAL JUDGEMENT
• are evaluations or opinions formed as to whether
some action or inaction, intention, motive, character
trait, or a person as a whole is (more or less) Good or
Bad as measured against some standard of Good.
MORAL DILEMMA

•a situation in which it is very difficult to

decide what to do, because all the choices
seem equally good or equally bad.
Role of LAW and RELIGION
in Ethics