3D Views

• Isometric and axonometric projections are a

simple way of representing a three
dimensional object, keeping the elements to
scale and showing the relationship between
several sides of the same object, so that the
complexities of a shape can be clearly
understood.
 3D views
Isometric Axonometric
• Views use 30 deg for • Views use 45 deg for
lines showing lines showing
“horizontals” of the “horizontals” of the
object object

120 90
30 30 45 45
• An isometric uses a plan grid at 30 degrees
from the horizontal in both directions, which
distorts the plan shape. This view is useful to
explain construction details (e.g. three
dimensional joints in joinery).
• The projections of the edges of a
cube make angles of 120° with
each other.
• You can use these as the isometric
axes from which to make
measurements. Any line parallel to
one of these is called an isometric
line . The angles in the isometric
projection of the cube are either
120° or 60°, and all are projections
of 90° angles.
• The line faces of the cube, and
any planes parallel to them, are
called isometric planes.
Drawing objects in 3D
Axonometric

• Axonometric projection is a type of orthographic

projection used for creating a pictorial drawing of an
object, where the lines of sight are perpendicular to
the plane of projection, and the object is rotated
around one or more of its axes to reveal multiple
sides
• uses a 45 degree plan grid, which keeps the original
orthogonal geometry of the plan. The great
advantage of this view for architecture is that the
draughtsman can work directly from a plan, without
having to reconstruct it
Drawing curves in 3D