GEOMETRY

Circle Terminology
 • The segment joining
A
the center of a circle to
a point on the circle.
O

• Example: OA
Radius (or Radii for plural)

• The segment joining

A
the center of a circle to
a point on the circle.
O

• Example: OA
• A chord that passes
through the center of a A

circle.
O

• Example: AB B
 Diameter

• A chord that passes

through the center of a A

circle.
O

• Example: AB B
 • A segment joining two
B
points on a circle

A C
• Example: AB
 Chord

• A segment joining two

B
points on a circle

A C
• Example: AB
 A

• A line that intersects C

the circle at exactly

two points.
O

• Example: AB
D

B
 Secant
A

• A line that intersects C

the circle at exactly

two points.
O

• Example: AB
D

B
 B

• A line that intersects a

C circle at exactly one
point.
A

• Example: AB
 Tangent
B

• A line that intersects a

C circle at exactly one
point.
A

• Example: AB
 A

• An angle whose vertex

is at the center of a
circle.
B

• Example: Angle ABC

C
 Central Angle
A

• An angle whose vertex

is at the center of a
circle.
B

• Example: Angle ABC

C
 • An angle whose vertex
B
A
is on a circle and
whose sides are
determined by two
C chords.

• Example: Angle ABC

 Inscribed Angle

• An angle whose vertex

B
A
is on a circle and
whose sides are
determined by two
C chords.

• Example: Angle ABC

 B
• A figure consisting of
two points on a circle
and all the points on
the circle needed to
connect them by a A

single path.

• Example: arc AB
 Arc

B
• A figure consisting of
two points on a circle
and all the points on
the circle needed to
connect them by a A

single path.

• Example: arc AB
 • An arc that lies in the
B
A
interior of an inscribed
angle.

C
• Example: arc AC
 Intercepted Arc

• An arc that lies in the

B
A
interior of an inscribed
angle.

C
• Example: arc AC
 Two Intercepted Arc
D

• If angle is inside the

A circle.

B
• Example: arc AC
arc DF
C
F
 Two Intercepted Arc

• If angle is outside the

B

D
circle.
A E

• Example: arc DE
arc DC
C
 Minor Arc
An Arc is part of the circle.
A Minor Arc is an arc above the central
angle if the central angle is less then 180°
 Major Arc
A Major Arc is an arc above the central
angle if the central angle is greater then
180°
Minor Arc AB

Major Arc ADB

 Semicircle
If the central angle equals 180°, then the arc
is a semicircle.
Using the figure at the right identify the line or a
segment on each number.

6. Central angle
7. Inscribed angle
8. Minor arc
9. Major arc
10. Semicircle
 Semicircle
If the central angle equals 180°, then the arc
is a semicircle.
 Central Angle and Arcs
A central angle of a circle is an
angle formed by two rays whose
vertex is the center of the circle.
Each ray intersects the circle at a
point, dividing it into arcs.

In the figure on the right, ∠BAC is

a central angle. Its sides divide ʘA
into arcs. One arc is the curve
containing points B and C. The
other arc is the curve containing
points B, D, and C.
 Measure of an Arc
The measure of an Arc is the same as the
central angle.
AC  30
 Measure of an Arc
The measure of an Arc is the same as the
central angle.
A AB 120

B
ADB  360  120
D ADB  240
 Definition: Sum of Central Angles
The sum of the measures of the central angles
of a circle with no common interior points is
360degrees.
In the figure, m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠3 + m∠4 = 360°.
 Postulate: Arc Addition
Arcs can be added together.

QP  83
83 RP  27
27

QR  110 
 Congruent Circles and Congruent Arcs
Congruent circles are circles
with congruent radii.

Congruent arcs are arcs of the

same circle or of congruent circles
with equal measures.
 Congruent Arcs
If arcs comes from the same or congruent
circles, then they are congruent if then
have the same measure.
B
A

85
AB  KG
85

G
K
 Congruent chords Theorem
In the same or congruent circles, Congruent
arcs are above congruent chords.

AB  CD
if and only if

AB  CD
 Theorem
If a diameter is perpendicular to a chord ,
then it bisects the chord and its arc.

AE  BE
AC  BC
 Theorem
If a chord is the perpendicular bisector of
another chord (BC), then the chord is a
diameter.

BD  DC
BE  EC
 Solve for y
mAMO  90
AB  140

2y
 Solve for y
mAMO  90
AB  140

2 y  70
y  35 2y
 Theorem
In the same or congruent circles, two chords
are congruent if and only if they are an
equal distance from the center.
Since AO  BO,
PQ  RS
 Solve for x, QT
UV = 6; RS = 3; ST = 3
 Solve for x, QT
UV = 6; RS = 3; ST = 3
x = 4,
Since Congruent
chord are an
equal distance
from the center.
 Solve for x, QT
UV = 6; RS = 3; ST = 3
x = 4,

QT  4  3
2 2 2
4

QT  16  9  5
 Find the measure of the arc
Solve for x and y

 x 10

52
52

2 y  6
 Find the measure of the arc
Solve for x and y
52  x  10
x  44  x 10
52  (2 y  6)
52
46  2 y
52
y  23

2 y  6
Sector and Segment of a Circle
Solution: To find the area of sector ACB:
a. Determine first the ratio.

c. Get the product of the ratio and

the area of the circle.
A segment of a circle is the region bounded by an
arc and the segment joining its endpoints.

To find the area of the shaded

segment in the figure, subtract
the area of triangle PTQ from
the area of sector PTQ.
Area of sector PTQ
ACTIVITY 11: Find This Part
Find the area of the shaded region of each circle.
Arc Length
Example: An arc of a circle measures 45°. If the
radius of the circle is 6 cm, what is the length of
the arc?
 Inscribed Angles and
Intercepted Arcs
An inscribed angle is an angle whose
vertex is on a circle and whose sides
contain chords of the circle. The arc that
lies in the interior of an inscribed angle
and has endpoints on the angle is called
the intercepted arc of the angle.
In Figure 1, ∠LAP is an inscribed angle and its
intercepted arc is LP. The center of the circle is in the
interior of the angle.
In Figure 2,∠TOP is an inscribed angle and its
intercepted arc is TP. One side of the angle is the
diameter of the circle.
In Figure 3,∠CGM is an inscribed angle and its
intercepted arc is CM. The center of the circle is in the
exterior of the angle.
 Theorems on Inscribed
Angles
If an angle is inscribed in a circle, then the
measure of the angle equals one-half the measure
of its intercepted arc (or the measure of the
intercepted arc is twice the measure of the
inscribed angle).
 Theorems on Inscribed
Angles
If two inscribed angles of a circle (or
congruent circles) intercept congruent arcs
or the same arc, then the angles are
congruent.
 Theorems on Inscribed
Angles
If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a
semicircle, then the angle is a right angle.
 Theorems on Inscribed
Angles
If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then
its opposite angles are supplementary.
 In the figure below, CE and LA are diameters of
N. Use the figure to answer the following.
1.Name all inscribed angles in the figure.
2.Which inscribed angles intercept the following
arcs?
a.CL c. LE
b.AE d. AC
3. If mLE = 124, what is the measure of
each of the following
angles?
a. ∠1 d. ∠4 g. ∠7
b. ∠2 e. ∠5 h. ∠8
c. ∠3 f. ∠6 i. ∠9
 Tangent Line

• A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with

the circle and intersects it in one and only
one point. The point of intersection of the
line and the circle is called the point of
tangency.
 Postulate on Tangent Line
At a given point on a circle, one and only
one line can be drawn that is tangent to the
circle.
 Theorems on Tangent Line
If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is
perpendicular to the radius drawn to the
point of tangency.
 Theorems on Tangent Line
If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a
circle at its endpoint that is on the circle,
then the line is tangent to the circle.
 Theorems on Tangent Line
If two segments from the same exterior
point are tangent to a circle, then the two
segments are congruent.
 Common Tangent
A common tangent is a line that is tangent
to two circles in the same plane.
Common internal tangents Common external tangents
intersect the segment joining do not intersect the segment
joining the centers of the two
the centers of the two circles
circles.
 Tangent and Secant
Segments and rays that are contained in
the tangent or intersect the circle in one
and only one point are also said to be
tangent to the circle.
A secant is a line that intersects a circle at
exactly two points. A secant contains a
chord of a circle.
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
If two secants intersect in the exterior of a
circle, then the measure of the angle formed
is one-half the positive difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.
 Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
In the figure below, NX and MY
are two secants intersecting
outside the circle at point P. XY
and MN are the two intercepted
arcs of ∠XPY.
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
If two secants intersect in the exterior of a
circle, then the measure of the angle formed
is one-half the positive difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
In the figure below, CM is a secant
and LM is a tangent intersecting
outside the circle at point M. LEC
and LG are the two intercepted arcs
of ∠LMC .
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a
circle, then the measure of the angle formed
is one-half the positive difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
In the figure below, QK and QH are
two tangents intersecting outside
the circle at point Q. HJK and HK
are the two intercepted arcs of
∠KQH .
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle,
then the measure of an angle formed is one-half
the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted
by the angle and its vertical angle.
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
If a secant and a tangent intersect at the
point of tangency, then the measure of each
angle
Theorems on Angles Formed by
Tangents and Secants
In the figure below, QS is a secant and RW is a tangent
intersecting at S, the point of tangency. QS is the intercepted
arc of while QTS is the intercepted arc of . QSR ∠QSW.
EXERCISES
In the figure below, KL, KN, MP, and ML intersect Q at
some points. Use the figure to answer the following
questions.
 Theorem on Two
Intersecting Chords
If two chords of a circle intersect, then the
product of the measures of the segments of one
chord is equal to the product of the measures of
the segments of the other chord.
 External Secant Segment
An external secant segment is the part of a
secant segment that is outside a circle.
 Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent
Segments, and External Secant Segments

If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an

exterior point, then the product of the lengths of one
secant segment and its external secant segment is equal to
the product of the lengths of the other secant segment and
its external secant segment.
 Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent
Segments, and External Secant Segments

If a tangent segment and a secant segment are

drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the
square of the length of the tangent segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of the secant
segment and its external secant segment.
EXERCISES
Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the
following figures.