Your mother asks

you to buy flour in

the bakery
Agnes tries to escape
a building on fire by
breaking the
window using her
ukelele
The teacher asks the
class to return
immediately the
classroom globe to its
proper place
Protesters on the
streets forced the
police to direct
traffic into an
alternate route
The president made sure
that his constituents
were happy by giving
away cash gifts and
other goods during
christmas
The stage director
decided to kick the
lead actor out of the
play after 72 retakes
The 1986 EDSA
People Power
Revolution
displayed unity of
the people in outing
a tyrant
You got into a heated
argument after someone
accidentally spilled
coffee on your pants
while you were on a
café.
POWER
 The ability of Person/Institution A to
make person/Institution B to do
something that Person/Institution B,
on his/her own, would not
do.(Dahl,1950)
 Spans a broad spectrum of meaning
that includes force, authority,
influence, and most of the time,
coercion.
Power

Forms – authoritative power to

economic power
Expression – simplest (parents
tell children what to do and not
to do) to grandest (government
impose policy)
Taxonomy of Power

Four Types
Compulsory Power
The direct control of one actor
of the conditions and actions of
another
Institutional Power
The indirect ways in which an
actor affects another. An
example is the use of the rules
or the law to impose order.
Structural Power
Basically looks at the position
and the roles of various actors in
relation to each other. Examples
are coach to player, Boss to
worker, etc.
Productive Power
Focuses not on the direct
structures provided and accepted
by each actor, but on the
discourse between the actors in
which power is negotiated.
PLATO
 Known for(427 BCE– –a method
his “Dialectic” 347 ofBCE)
inquiry where
two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to
arrive at a new knowledge.
 Founded an “Academy”
– an institution of higher
learning which was the
first of its kind in the
Western World.
ARISTOTLE (384 BCE – 322 BCE)
 A prominent student of Plato but disagreed
with his theory of forms.
 All ideas and views re based on perception
and our reality is based on what we can
sense and perceive.
 His views influenced the study of physical
science
 Involved in disciplines such as zoology,
psychology, ethics and politics.
ARISTOTLE
 Proposed a system(384
of BCE – 322 BCE)
classification of plants
and animals.
 His study in logic lead
to formulation of Deductive
reasoning – the process by
which specific statements
are analyzed to reach a
conclusion or generalization.