Communication

Strategies
One of the biggest sources of
misunderstandings and
communication breakdown is
language
-Francisco-
 COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
1.Nomination
• speaker tries to open a topic with the people
he/she is talking to.
Strategies
• When beginning a topic in a
conversation, you may start off with news
inquiries and news
announcements as they promise extended talk.
Great minds discuss ideas;
average minds discuss
events; small minds discuss
people
-Eleanor Roosevelt-
• Keep the conversational environment
open for opinions until the prior topic
shuts down easily and initiates a smooth
end.
• This could efficiently signal the beginning
of a new topic in the conversation
2. Restriction
• any limitation you may have as a speaker
• Instructions confine you as a speaker
and limit what you can say.
• When communicating in the classroom,
in a meeting, or while hanging out with
your friends, you are typically given
specific instructions that you must
follow. These instructions confine you as
a speaker and limit what you can say.
• e.g. You might be asked by your teacher
to brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver
a speech on drug addiction.

Strategy
 Remember to always be on point
during the conversation to avoid
communication breakdown
3.Turn-taking
 process by which people
decide who takes the conversational floor
because sometimes people are given
unequal opportunities

CODE OF BEHAVIOR BEHIND

ESTABLISHING AND SUSTAINING A
PRODUCTIVE CONVERSATION
Primary Idea - give all communicators
a chance to speak
• Keep your words relevant and
reasonably short enough to
express your views or feelings.

• Be polite even if you are trying to

take the floor from another speaker.
• Do not hog the conversation and talk
incessantly without letting the other
party air out his/her own ideas.
• Acknowledge others; employ visual
signals like a nod, a look, or a step back,
and accompany these signals with
spoken cues such as What do you think?
or You wanted to say something?”

4.Topic Control
• covers how procedural formality or
informality affects the development of
topic in conversations
e.g. In meetings, you may only have a turn
to speak after the chairperson directs you
to do so. Contrast this with a casual
conversation with friends over lunch or
coffee where you may take the
conversational floor anytime)
Strategy
• Regardless of the formality of the context,
topic control is achieved cooperatively.
• This means that when a topic is
initiated, it should be collectively
developed.
HOW?
• avoiding unnecessary interruptions and
topic shifts
• Make yourself actively involved in the
conversation without overly dominating it
by using minimal responses like “Yes”,
“Okay”,” Go on” and by
asking tag questions to clarify information
and even by laughing.
e.g. Tag Questions

• Are you excited, aren’t you?

• It was unexpected, wasn’t it?

5 Topic Shifting
• involves moving from one topic to
another
• It is where one part of a conversation
ends and where another begins.
Strategy:
• Be very intuitive.
• Make sure that the previous topic was
nurtured enough to generate adequate
views.
• You may also use effective
conversational transitions to indicate a
shift like:
-By the way
-In addition to what you said
-Which reminds me of, etc.
6.Repair
• refers to how speakers address the
problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may
encounter in a conversation

e.g. If everybody in the conversation

seems to talk at the same time, give
way and appreciate others’ initiative to
set the conversation back to its topic.
Strategy:
• If there is a problem in understanding
the conversation, speakers will always
try to address and correct it.
• Although this is the case, always seek to
initiate the repair.
7. Termination
• participants initiate expressions that end
a topic in a conversation.
Strategy
• Although not all topics may have
clear ends, try to signal the end of
the topic through concluding cues.
e.g.
-Share what you learned from the
conversation.
- Solicit agreement from the other
participants (usually completes the
discussion of the topic meaningfully)
 THE END

THANK YOU