PRESENTED BY,

TO,
SANJAY(K12336), SABIHA(k12783),
RAVINDRA MEENA
ROHIT(k)
SIR
IInd Sem , 1st Year, Section A
HOD Ist YEAR
A-3 Batch

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Introduction to Zener Diode

Types of Zener Diodes

Applications of Zener diode

Zener Diode As a Voltage Regulator

Circuit Diagram

I-V Characterstics of Zener Diode

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 Zener diodes are a specialkind ofdiode which permitscurrenttoflowin t
direction.

 It isdifferentfrom othersdiodes Zenerdiodes willalso allowcurrent toflo

reverse direction when thevoltageis abovea certain value.

 Thisbreakdown voltage is known as the Zenervoltage.

 Zenerdiodes are designed in a waywhere the Zener voltage is a muchl

 There isacontrolled breakdown which does notdamage thediode when

currentabove the Zener voltage passesthrough a Zener diode.

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Therearemanydifferentkindsof Zenerdiodes :

 Themostcommon typescategorized bypower dissipation, nominal work

forward (drive) current,forward voltage,packaging type and maximum
 Theparametric filters on ourwebsite canhelp refine your search resultsd
the required specifications.
 Themostcommon values fornominal working voltage are 5.1V,5.6 V,6.
15 V.
 We also carry Zenerdiodes with nominal working voltage up to1 kV.
 Forward(drive) currentcan have arange from200 uA to200 A,withthem
common forward(drive)current being 10 mAor200 mA.

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Zener diodes can be found in severalapplications. Someofthese are:

 voltage stabilizers or regulators(in shuntmode),surgesuppressors fordev

protection,peak clippers, switching operations,reference elements and in
protection applications.

 Theconstantreverse voltage ofa Zener diode rendersita veryusefulcompo

regulating theoutputvoltage against variations in theload resistance orva
inputvoltage froman unregulated power supply.

 Thecurrent through the Zener diode willchange in order tokeep the volt
threshold limitsof Zener action and the maximumpower that itcan dissip

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ZENER DIODE

RESISTORS

INPUT VOLTAGE SOURCE

REHOSTATE (VARIABLE RESISTOR)

LOAD RESISTANCE

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Suppose we have an unstable 12 Volt supply voltage and need a stable output of 8 Volts to
power a 100mA device. 12 volts is sufficiently above 8 volts to ensure that any ripples in the
supply will not take us below our target voltage.
Than Since we need 8 Volts we can choose between a 7.5V or an 8.2V zener diode. 8.2V is close
enough to our target voltage so we choose a zener diode with an 8.2 Volt zener voltage.

Zener diodes are available in a range of difference power ratings. If a large current flows
through a small zener diode it will be destroyed, therefore we calculate the power to be lost
in the diode and select a diode rated above that value. Here the zener power rating is equal
to the zener voltage multiplied by the maximum current (Imax) calculated above which
equals 8.2 * 0.110 = 0.9 Watts. Therefore a 1.3 Watt power rated zener diode should be
perfect.

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The voltage dropped across the resistor is equal to the difference between the source voltage
and the zener voltage = 12-8 = 4 Volts, and therefore the resistance according toOhm's Law is
the voltage drop divided by Imax = 4/0.110 = 36 Ohms so choose a 39 Ohm resisitor.
If the source voltage is likely to be much over the 12 Volts stated then the voltage dropped
across the resisitor will be larger and so a resistor with a larger resistance may be required.

The power dissipated in the resistor is equal to the voltage drop across the resistor
multiplied by Imax. Therefore in this example power = 4 * 0.110 = 0.440 Watts. Using
a 0.5 Watt resistor would be cutting it a bit fine - particularly if the source voltage is
going to fluctuate higher regularly, therefore a 1 or 2 Watt rated resisitor should be
used here despite it costing a few pennies extra.

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When theinput d.c voltage across zener diode increasesbeyond a certainlim
zener breakdown voltage),the currentthroughthecircuitrises sharply,causing
sufficientincreases in thevoltage drop acrossthe dropping resistorR. Asa re
the voltage acrossthe zener diode remains constantandhence theoutput volt
lowers backtonormal value.

When theinput d.c.voltage across zener diode decreases,the currentthrough

circuitgoesdownsharply causing sufficientdecrease in thevoltageacrossthed
resistor.As a resultofit, thevoltage acrossthe zener diode remainsconstantan
hence the outputvoltage israised tonormal.Hence the outputvoltage remain
constant.

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 R

+ CONSTANT
+
N R (load) OUTPUT

-
FLUCTUATING
VOLTAGE
D.C. INPUT VOLTAGE P

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Hence with the help above given facts and the simulation on proteous
software correctly it is clear that above circuit for working of zener
diode as a voltage regulator is fully correct and is working properly. So
now when we noted the the reading of voltmeter which is being
connected parallel to our load resistance we got the constant reading
of voltage. So our zener diode is now truly works as a voltage
regulator.

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