What is the difference between free will

and free action?

What is freedom?
 A. Discuss philosophical views that describe how
humans relate to each other.

 B. Describe what an authentic relationship is and its

various aspects.

 C. Appreciate the way they relate to each other.

Think of the people you encounter everyday. Identify the
persons to whom you are most likely to say the following
statments:

“How are you today?”

Did you hear the latest news?

I just came back from the party last night?

What yout hink i should do with my life?

Who are the people that you consider the easiest to
relate to? Whom do you find to get along with?
What does having a meaningful relationship
with others mean to you?
Humans have the natural tendency to relate, to
establish attachments, and seek close relationships
with other people.
Various Philosophers have discussed the nature of
human relationships and have provided several
perspectives on how we relate with others.
HOW DOES INDIVIDUAL RELATE WITH THE OTHER
PERSONS?

Existentialism
PhenomenologY
- are the ,ajor philosophical branches that
devote much discussion on the concept of personal
relations.
These Philosophies relate the concept of interpersonal
relations to self awareness and transcendence.

The individual is primarily aware of himself or herself ,

and it is this egocentric perspective that defines how he
or she perceives and relates to reality.

Self- the awareness of the individuality.

The existentialist perspective defines interpersonal
relations as the “self” being aware of the “other”

“Other” – generally refers to objects outside pof oersonal

experience, while it is often used by most philosophers
to refer to other individuals apart from the self.
In simple terms, an individual is naturally aware of
himself or herself as a distinct being (self), and yet
he or she is also aware that there are other beings
apart from him or her (the Other)
The realtion between the self and the other is related
to the concept of INTERSUBJECTIVITY, which is
the shared awareness and understanding among
persons. It is evident in everyday social interactions,
the ability of humans to agree and cooperate the
existence of shared or “common” knowledge and
consensus, and in shared emotions such as grief, joy
and love.
Philosophers identify various level of self-other
interaction:

+The simple awareness of the existence of the other

+The awareness of the self as being seen by others
The awareness of the ‘SELF IN OTHER” is an important
element in all other aspects of interpersonal
interactions.

“the way we interact with people is influenced by our

ideas of how these people see us.”

Therefore:. . . . . . . . . . . .

Social Context: Church and livele party

Seeming- an individual prsents himself or herself in a
certain way when dealing with others.

Buber describes persons as taking on “roles” or

characters when dealing with certain people or when in
certain situations.

It is considered as an unconcious, natural act on

the part of humans.
Dialogue- much deeper level of interaction.

-refers to a genuine relationship established

among individuals.

-made possible when the self realizes that the

other is a genuine and unique individuals.
When two individuals begin to view each other as an
“other” – that is truly acknowledging each other’s
presence- then that is the beginning of an authentic
relationship and dialogue.
HOW DO RELATIONSHIP DEFINE THE HUMAN
PERSON?

Existentialist- cinsiders human relationship as definin

influence on human life.

Constructivist theory of knowledge- human relations

shape knowledge and truth within a certain society.
Phenomenologists- argues that experience between
persons can shape the perception of reality.

People often remember events more vividly when they

are shared with other people, and in many cases, the
views of a person regarding an event can be shaped by
the views of people he or she is with
Philoshopers agree that it is important for humans
to pursue and achieve genuine relationships to attain
developmets.

One view considers genuine relationships as difficult

and almost impossible to attain.
JEAN-PAUL SARTE- an existentialist philosophers
considers human relationship as frustrating and are
often inauthentic and ambiguous.

-humans tend to view others as a means to

achieve certain desires. This view gives rise to feelings of
ALIENATION- where the individual ceases to view
other as a distinct and authentic person, and considers
him or her as a mere object.
Karl Marx- believes that alienation gives rise to the
exploitation of people.
Philosophers who are more positive in Human
interactions...

Edith Stein- defines the self-other relations as being

driven by empathy- the awareness that the other is a
person with thoughts and feelings.
Edmund husserl- believes that intersubjectivity is
more than just shared understanding, but is the
capability to put oneself “in the place where the
others is”.
Gabriel Marcel- defines genuine relationship based on
availability or the willingness of a person to be present
and be at the disposal of annother.
Martin Buber- considers human existence as a
continual dialogue with the other, and that the self
becomes whole through interaction with nature,
with other people, and with God.
The ethics care- emphasizes the moral dimension of
Relationships and interactions.

- this moral perspective encourages

individuals to see to the needs of othe people, most
especially the vulnerable.
All in all, the human person is regarded by
philosophy as a “being-with-others” and that
seeking and maintaining meaningful and
harmonious relationships with others is necessary
for personal development.
THANK YOU 