CHAPTER III:

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH 2
CHAPTER III:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
– This chapter covers the methods of the research, the
variety of procedures made, and the entire preparation
of the study.
Research methodology is written with 2 purposes in
mind:
1. Replicate
2. Evaluate
CHAPTER III:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this section, the researcher writes each sub-section
concisely yet completely to provide enough detail for a
competent reader to replicate the study and reproduce
the results.
This section also ensures that the study has undergone
scientific process and that the tools utilized in the study
are valid and reliable.
CHAPTER III should include
the following:
 Research Design
 Research Setting
 Research Subjects
 Research Ethics
 Research Instruments
 Validation of Instruments
 Data Gathering Procedure
 Statistical Treatment
RESEARCH DESIGN

– Discusses the approach (qualitative/quantitative) and

design (phenomenology, experimental, descriptive,
etc.) use in the study.
– In this part, the reason(s) why the design was chosen
must be justified.
– Identification of the independent and dependent
variables are also included on this chapter.
RESEARCH
SETTING/LOCALE

– Description of the geographical characteristic of the

place of study
– State the reasons why the specific locale was chosen
– In special cases, anonymity must always be observed
RESEARCH SUBJECTS

– Population & Sampling / Key Informant Selection

– Description of the demographic characteristics of the
participants in the study
– Explanation of the population and sampling procedures
should also be discussed:
• Number of respondents
• Profile of the respondents
• Sampling technique used
RESEARCH ETHICS

– This is the section where the researcher can attest that

the study was conducted with consideration to the
rights of the human subjects they will involve in the
study.
– Ethical principles observed in the study and how it was
maintained (ex: ethical board reviews, permissions on
animal usage, etc.)should be enumerated.
Research Ethical
Considerations:
1. Intellectual property – a work or invention that is the
result of creativity to which one has rights and for which
one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.
2. Informed-consent – ensures that the individuals involved
are voluntarily participating.
3. Respect for confidentiality and privacy – security measures
used to protect information divulged by the respondents.
– Maintaining Anonymity means that the researchers do
not collect identifying information such as name, address,
email address, etc.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

– Each questionnaire used in the study must be described in

detail here:
• Number and types of questionnaires used;
• Number of items;
• Whether the instruments is borrowed or self-made (for
borrowed instruments, permission must be obtained);
– If equipment/tools were used, clear description of the
materials should be given. Modification and/or construction
of equipment specific for the study must be carefully
described in detail.
VALIDATION OF
INSTRUMENTS
– Reliability and validity of the instruments used should
also be explained.
 RELIABILITY – consistency of the test/instruments
 VALIDITY – accuracy of the test/instruments; states if the
tests measures what it intends to measure
– For borrowed test instruments, reliability and validity
testing of the questionnaire should be included.
– For self-made test instruments, explain how did it
undergo validity checking.
DATA GATHERING
PROCEDURE
– Data Collection
– The step-by-step process must be explained
comprehensively by the researchers.
– For studies where subjects are exposed to a certain
intervention (usually in experiments), the intervention
must be described in detail.
Data Analysis

– Statistical Tests used in the study will be mentioned

here.
– When and How each statistical test was used must be
specified.
– The researcher must be precise in describing the
measurement, as well as errors of measurement must
be included.