GAGAL JANTUNG

(HEART FAILURE)
Errick Endra Cita, S.Kep.,Ns., M.Kep., CWCS
Description
Classification
Diagnosis (Laboratory Test)
• Electrocardiogram may be normal or it could show numerous
abnormalities including acute ST-T–wave changes from myocardial
ischemia, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, left ventricular hypertrophy
• Serum creatinine may be increased because of hypoperfusion
• Complete blood count useful to determine if heart failure is a result of
reduced oxygen-carrying capacity
• Chest radiography is useful for detection of cardiac enlargement,
pulmonary edema, and pleural effusions

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Diagnosis (Laboratory Test)
• Echocardiogram assesses left ventricle size, valve function, pericardial
effusion, wall motion abnormalities, and ejection fraction
• Hyponatremia, serum sodium <130 mEq/L, is associated with reduced
survival and may indicate worsening volume overload and/or disease
progression

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 Mekanisme kompensasi pada HF
 Cardiac output angiotensinogen

LVDEP
 SNS activity Renin
(preload) production

Angiotensin I
Cardiac dilatation ACE
Vascular Angiotensin II
resistance
Ventricular Angiotensin III (aldosterone)
hypertrophy

Sodium retention Sodium uptake

kinins PGE2 & PGI2
By vessels
ACE
inactive kinins  Blood volume
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Management of Heart Failure
Management of Heart Failure
Management of Heart Failure
Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning & Goals
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Priorities
Evaluation

• For the expected patient outcomes, the following are evaluated:

1. Demonstration of tolerance for increased activity.
2. Maintenance of fluid balance.
3. Less anxiety.
4. Decides soundly regarding care and treatment.
5. Adherence to self-care regimen.
Thank U,Jazakallahu Khoiron