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DB2 – IBM Data Base

NAGARAJU DOMALA
DB2

“ DB2 OBJECTS“

Session 2

Nagaraju Domala
Session 2 - Objectives

On completion of this session the learner will be able to:

 Explain Physical and Logical objects

 Explain types of table spaces
 Explain difference between Alias and Synonym

Nagaraju Domala
DB2 TYPES OF OBJECTS

 STORAGE

 RECOVERY

 DATABASE

 SYSTEM

Nagaraju Domala
 DB2 TYPES OF OBJECTS -
STORAGE
 STORAGE : Storage objects control where data is
physically stored and how data is moved between
storage and memory during normal operation.

 Three types of storage objects are used:

 Buffer Pools
 Containers
 Table spaces

Nagaraju Domala
DB2 TYPES OF OBJECTS -
Recovery
 RECOVERY : Recovery objects consists of
transaction log files and recovery history files.

• By default, one recovery history file and three

transaction log files are automatically created
when a database is created.

• Recovery history files are used together with

database backup images and transaction files
to coordinate data-base recovery operations.

Nagaraju Domala
 DB2 TYPES OF OBJECTS -
Database
 DATABASE : known as data objects - are used
to logically store and manipulate data, as well as
control how all user data ( & some system data)
is organized).

• Data objects include tables, Indexes, views,

alias, schemas, triggers, user defined data
types, user defined functions & sequences.

Nagaraju Domala
DB2 TYPES OF OBJECTS -
System
 SYSTEM : System objects consists of registry
variables, instance configuration files and individual
database configuration files.

• Registry variables are set at the system level and

affect every instance that resides on a particular server.

• Instance configuration files are created and assigned

to individual instances during the instance creation
process.

• Database configuration files are created and assigned

to individual databases during the database creation
process.

Nagaraju Domala
DATABASE OBJECTS
(PHYSICAL & LOGICAL)

•STORAGE GROUP (Physical)

•DATABASE (Logical)
•TABLE SPACES (Physical)
SIMPLE
SEGMENTED
PARTITIONED
•TABLES (Logical)
•INDEX SPACE (Physical)
•INDEX (Logical)
•VIEWS (Logical)
•ALIAS (Logical)
•SYNONYM (Logical)

Nagaraju Domala
 STORAGE
GROUP

 It is a named collection of DASD all of the same device type

within the storage group.

 Spaces and Partitions - in VSAM LDS.

 Tables - in VSAM KSDS.

Nagaraju Domala
 STORAGE GROUP

 A LIST OF VOLUMES FROM WHICH DB2 IS TO ALLOCATE

SPACE

 ALL VOLUMES IN GROUP MUST BE SAME DEVICE TYPE

 USER CAN ALLOCATE SPACE VIA VSAM ACCESS METHOD

SERVICES

Nagaraju Domala
 DATABASE

A collection of logically related objects

- Tables
- Table spaces
- Indexes
- Index spaces

Database is the unit of START and STOP.

It is typically not contained in a single set of disks,

but rather occupies portions of many disks.

One DB2 system can manage up to 64,000 databases.

Nagaraju Domala
 TABLE SPACE

A logical address space on secondary storage

- to hold one or more tables.

As the table size increases, more memory is

acquired for the table space.

Max size of table space - 64 billion bytes.

Nagaraju Domala
 TABLE SPACE
No limit to the no. of table spaces in a database.

Page size in a table space - all 4k or all 32 k bytes.

Unit for Recovery and Reorganization.

Simple Table Spaces

Table spaces Segmented Table Spaces

Partitioned Table Spaces

Nagaraju Domala
 TABLE SPACE PAGE

 A TABLE SPACE IS DIVIDED INTO 4K BLOCKS CALLED PAGE

• A PAGE IS THE UNIT OF I/O TRANSMISSION
• A PAGE MAY CONTAIN ONE OR MANY ROWS (MAXIMUM
127)
• A ROW MUST LIE WITHIN ONE PAGE
(TO ACCOMMODATE ROWS LARGER
THAN 4K , PAGES CAN BE 32K)

Nagaraju Domala
Page - Diagram

Page Header Row 1 ID Sam

1441 20000 98494111

Row 2 ID

Page Footer

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Simple Table Space

Contains more than one table ( rows) in a single page.

Advantages :

1. Rows of different tables can be clustered together to

improve access time to logically related data.
( No. of Info operations would be reduced)

2. Efficient Referential Integrity.

Nagaraju Domala
 Disadvantages

1. Inefficient Recovery & Reorganization.

2. Table scan requires table space scan

- Sequential Access is very slow
- Unnecessary tables also will be read

Nagaraju Domala
Simple Table space - Diagram

Nagaraju Domala
 Segmented Table
Space
Table space is divided into segments.
Segment size 4 pages to 64 pages ( Multiple of 4).
Each segment can have rows of only one table.
Segment Tables

Advantages :

1. Like single table space - can contain more than one table
2. Single page contains rows of a single table
3. Supports variable length records (rows).
4. Efficient table scan.
5. Efficient recovery, reorganization.

Nagaraju Domala
Segmented Table space - Diagram

Nagaraju Domala
 Partitioned Table Space

• Occupies more than one DASD.

• For very large tables with millions of Rows.
• Contains only one table.
• Partitioned
. in accordance with value ranges of a
partitioning column / column combination.

Partition Table

Nagaraju Domala
 Partitioned Table Space

Advantages :

 Some portions of Database can be quickly accessible by

using fast DASD for those partitions.
 Parts of the database can be recovered.

Disadvantages :

 Update operation on partitioning column is not allowed

Nagaraju Domala
Partitioned Table space - Diagram

PARTITION 1 PARTITION 2

PARTITION KEY A-D PARTITION KEY E-H

Nagaraju Domala
TABLE SPACE TYPES

• SIMPLE TABLE SPACE

• SEGMENTED TABLE SPACE

SIMPLE AND SEGMENTED TABLE

SPACES CAN HOLD MORE THAN

ONE TABLE

• PARTITIONED TABLE SPACE

Nagaraju Domala
 PARTITIONED TABLE SPACE

• EACH PARTITION BELONGS TO A RANGE OF KEY VALUES

Nagaraju Domala
RECOMMENDATIONS

 STANDARD CHOICE
• SEGMENTED TABLE SPACE

 TO INTERLEAVE ROWS OF DIFFERENT TABLES

• SIMPLE TABLE SPACE

 FOR A VERY LARGE TABLE

• PARTITIONED TABLE SPACE

Nagaraju Domala
 CREATE TABLESPACE

CREATE TABLE TS3 IN DB3

SEGSIZE 4 ----------------------------------------------
-NUMBER OF PAGES PER SEGMENT

NUMPARTS 3
NOT BOTH
- NUMBER OF PARTITIONS -------------------

Nagaraju Domala
 CREATE TABLESPACE

BUFFERPOOL BPO
DETERMINES PAGE SIZE
USING STOGROUP SG1

PRE-DEFINED LIST OF
STORAGE GROUP VOLUMES

PRIQTY 52 SECQTY 20
PRIMARY/SECONDARY AMOUNTS,
IN KB

Nagaraju Domala
CREATE TABLESPACE

PCTFREE 10 FREESPACE 4 SPACE

LEFT BY LOAD/REORG FOR LATER

LOCKSIZE ANY AMOUNT OF TABLE LOCKED

DURING USE

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 LOCKSIZE PAGE

IN
USE

AVAILABLE

 BETTER DATA CONCURRENCY

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 LOCKSIZE ANY

 DB2 TO CHOOSE BEST LOCK SIZE

 SYSTEM STARTS WITH PAGE

 IF PAGE LOCKS BECOME EXCESSIVE , DB2

DYNAMICALLY UPGRADES TO TABLESPACE ,
OR TO TABLE IF SEGMENT

Nagaraju Domala
 Buffer Pool

 These are areas of virtual storage that DB2 uses to

store data temporarily.

Nagaraju Domala
 TABLES

Stored record : prefix ( control info )

+ all the stored fields.

Stored field : prefix ( if varying length filed)

+ Null indicator prefix
+ Actual Data-value

Nagaraju Domala
 TABLES

Internally, stored records are addressed by ‘Record ID’ or RID.

RID’s are unique within the containing table space.

RID of Row R consists of 2 parts

Page number of page P containing R

Byte offset of R from the bottom of P

Nagaraju Domala
 TABLES

1. EDITPROC - will be given control every time a

record (row) is stored or fetched.

2. FIELDPROC - will be given control every time a field is

accessed.

3. VALIDPROC - will be given control every time a row

of that table is inserted, updated or deleted.

Max. of 1 VALIDPROC per table.

Nagaraju Domala
 INDEX SPACE

1. An index space contains only one Index.

2. It is created automatically wherever a table is created with

an index.

3. Can be reorganized, recovered independently.

4. Index space for a partitioned table space is also Partitioned.

INDEX
Contains the RID of the rows in table in an order

Nagaraju Domala
 VIEWS

• A view is an alternative way of describing data that exists

in one or more tables.

• It does not contain data but, instead, is a stored set of SQL

commands that define a sub-set of rows and columns in the
base table.

• Views can provide customized tables for specific users

• Views can be utilized to limit access to certain kinds of data.

Nagaraju Domala
 Alias & Synonyms

• ALIAS - Mean ‘another name’ for the table.

• Aliases are used basically for accessing remote tables

(in distributed data processing).

• SYNONYM- Also means another name for the table, but

is private to the user who created it.

Nagaraju Domala
 INDEX

•An index is an ordered list of the key values of a column or

columns of a table.

• Similar to table Space, each index resides on an index

Space.

• Index Space is automatically created when the index is

created.

Nagaraju Domala
CREATE DATABASE

 DEFINE A DATABASE TO ENCOMPASS THE DATA

CREATE DATABASE DB3

DB3

Nagaraju Domala
 CREATE TABLE SPACE

 ALLOCATE SPACE TO HOLD THE TABLES

CREATE TABLESPACE TS3 IN DB3

TS1 TS2 TS3

DB3

Nagaraju Domala
 CREATE TABLE

 DESCRIBE THE TABLES

CREATE TABLE EMP ... IN DB3.TS2

EMP

TS2 TS3
TS1
DB3

Nagaraju Domala