Presented by :

Tooba Zia
Maria Zahid
Bushra Hafeez
Mattiullah Abbasi
Faisal Mehmood
Qasim Anwar
Tehzeeb Ayaz
Fiaza Aslam
Ariba Fatima
Dur-e-Maknoon

Presented to:
Sir Mujeeb

Jens
Martensson
OUT LI ER (n):

► “Outlier” is a term used to describe things,

people, or phenomenon that lie outside of
normal experience.
► Something that is situated away from the
classed differently from a main or related
body.
► A value far from most others in a set of data.

Jens
Martensson
THE ECOLOGY OF ORGANISMS

► The tallest tree in the forest probably came from a hardy acorn, but other
factors also contributed to its height.
Factors such as:
► No other trees blocked sunlight from getting through to the tree
► The soil around the tree was rich in nutrients
► No animals chewed through its bark when it was a young tree.
► No one cut it down before it matured.

Jens
Martensson
Why do some people succeed far
more than others?
► There is a story that is usually told about
extremely successful people, a story that focuses
on intelligence and ambition.

► Gladwell argues that the true story of success

is very different.

► Such things like family, their birthplace, or

even their birth date plays role in there
success

► . The story of success is more complex - and

a lot more interesting - than it initially appears.
Jens
Martensson
► It's
a study of success.
► What does it take to be
successful? How do you get to
be the best of the best?

Jens
Martensson
• This book is concerned
with people who are
outliers in terms of
success.

Jens
Martensson
“THE ROSETO MYSTERY”

► No one under 55 had died of heart attack or

showed any sign of heart disease.

► What they realized was that the secret of

Roseto was not diet or exercise or genes or
location.

Jens
Martensson
What was the reason?

Jens
Martensson
The Roseto Mystery conclusion was that:

► The town was not stressful,

► Old ones are given commanding respect,

► People are talking to each other visiting cooking for one another.

► Insulated them from the pressures of the modern world.

Jens
Martensson
EFFECTS OF “WHEN YOU ARE BORN”
► Of the seventy-five richest people of human history, fourteen
were born between 1831 and 1840.
► To become a Computer expert, a person needed to be born
between 1952 and 1958.
► An analysis of a highly successful Canadian hockey team
found:
• 40% of the players were born between January and March.
• 30% were born between April and June.
• 20% were born between July and September.
• 10% were born between October and December.

Jens
Martensson
“BIRTH DATE” MATTERS
► In Canada the eligibility cut off for age-class (club) hockey is January 1.

► Those players born early in the year are bigger and more mature than those born later
in the year.

► As a consequence, the older players perform better and are picked for advanced
placement where they receive better coaching and more playing time.

► In the U.S., the cut off for almost all non-school baseball leagues is July 31.

► As a result, more major league players are born in August than in any other month.

Jens
Martensson
ACCUMULATED ADVANTAGE:
► The rich have a natural advantage.

► The best students get the best teachers and the most attention.

► Some people start off a little bit superior to their peers.

► This initial small difference leads to more opportunities, which makes

them more superior, which leads to more opportunities, etc., etc., etc.

Jens
Martensson
10,000 HOUR RULE:
► To become an expert in something it takes 10,000 hours of practice.

► 10,000 hours = 3 hours/day x 10 years.

► The closer psychologists look at the careers of outliers, the less important
is innate talent and the more important is preparation.

► Ten thousand hours is the magic number for expertise in most areas.

Jens
Martensson
10,000 HOUR RULE:

Level Amount of hours

Elite performer 10000

Good students 8000

Future music teacher A bit above 4000

Jens
Martensson
►We always thought that the true outliers,
the ones who succeed are the ones
blessed with great IQ Genius as we call
them.
►“Why he’s successful today is because
he’s genius.”

Jens
Martensson
“Bill Gates”

► Parents – Wealthy Lawyer/Banker’s daughter

► 7th grade - Private School/Computer club

► 1968 - Mother’s Club bought computer

terminal for mainframe in downtown Seattle
U. Wash – Computer Center Corp. – leased
mainframe time (founder’s son @ same
school)

Jens
Martensson
► Free time for working on payroll app.

► Independent study semester, writing code for Bonneville power station

app.

► Dropped out of Harvard – had 7 years’ programming experience.

Jens
Martensson
BEATLES:

► Before they became famous, the Beatles

played eight hours a day, seven days a week
in a club in Hamburg.
► This is how they got their 10000 hours of
practice.

Jens
Martensson
Caption lorem ipsum

Jens
Martensson
EFFECT OF “TIMING”:
► The most important date in the history of the personal computer
revolution is January 1975 when the Altair 8800 was introduced.

► Ifyou were too old for the personal computer revolution in 1975 you were
probably born before 1952.

► If you were born after 1959 you were probably too young.

Jens
Martensson
EFFECT OF “TIMING”:

Leaders of the personal computer revolution:

►– Bill Gates – 1955 (Microsoft)

► – Paul Allen – 1953 (Microsoft #2)
► – Steve Ballmer – 1956 (Microsoft #24)
► – Steve Jobs – 1955 (Apple)
► – Eric Schmidt – 1955 (PARC, Sun (Java), Novell, Google)

Jens
Martensson
The troubles with genius:

 Knowledge of a boy’s IQ is of little help if you are faced with a formful of

clever boys.

 “The relationship between success and IQ works only up to a point”. There

are other factors that may come into play, such as creativity.

 One raised in wealth and opportunity is more likely to be successful than

one raised in poverty.

Jens
Martensson
The troubles with genius:

• Social Skills may be the difference in success between two people of high
intelligence.

• Practical Intelligence Matters: Knowing What to say, Whom to say it to,

When to say & How to say it?

Jens
Martensson
In simple words
►A scientist with an IQ of 130 have the same chances to win
Noble Prize as another with IQ of 180.

► Einstein IQ150 vs Langan IQ 180. Langan does have 30 percent

more IQ , does not mean 30 percent smarter than Einstein.
However in thinking about really hard things such as Physics ,
Both are smart enough.

Jens
Martensson
THE ETHNIC THEORY OF PLANE
CRASHES:
► Late 90's - Korean Airlines -
statistically far too many crashes.
► The planes are not of poor quality,
it is the people and the process.
► Korean culture - person with
higher authority should not be
questioned.
► The balance check that co-pilot
was supposed to provide.

Jens
Martensson
Culture effect on plane crashes:
►Differences – If an American co-pilot says, "We are
dangerously low on fuel", a Korean might have said
something like, "This plane is flying light.”

►The submissive nature in the Korean culture didn't allow

for the balance check that co-pilot was supposed to
provide.

►Effect of Culture was responsible for the crashes

Jens
Martensson
LESSONS LEARNT
► Timing can be critical to an outlier's success.

► Outliers have the opportunity and put in the work to be the best
of the best.

► High intelligence as measured by IQ tests do not necessarily lead

to success

► If
you want to be successful, be born to a wealthy family and
work on your social skills.
Jens
Martensson
STYLE OF WRITING:

► Covers a subject important to

almost everyone, especially
budding intellectuals about to
start their careers.
► Combines research from many
sources and uses them to create a
fresh portrait of something so
basic and well studied.
► Written plainly and clearly.
► It is quick moving and highly
entertaining .
Jens
Martensson
 Jens
Martensson
Thank
You