Recent Developments Of 3D Printable

Composite Materials

Submitted By :
Krishna Dutt Pandey
(2018H1060176H)
3D Printer
 A machine allowing the creation of a physical object from a three-dimensional
digital model, typically by laying down many thin layers of a material in
succession.
How Does 3D Printing Work?

 It all starts with the creation of a 3D model in your computer. This digital
design is for instance a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file.

 A 3D model is either created from the ground up with 3D modeling

software or based on data generated with a 3D scanner. With a 3D
scanner you’re able to create a digital copy of an object.
3D Printable Composite Materials For
Biomedical Applications
 The key issue in the 3D printing of composite objects for biomedical applications
include biocompatibility , mechanical strength and biomimicking of the tissue
structures.
 Bone scaffolds, porous structures with highly interconnected networks of channels are
used for bone tissue engineering.
 The precise control of the scaffold’s pore size, shape, interconnections and other
architectural parameters is essential to ensure efficient nutrient diffusion, blood flow ,
manipulation of the tissue differentiation , to achieve optimal mechanical strength , and
where necessary biodegradablity .
 Inkjet-based 3D printing has been frequently employed to fabricate calcium phosphate
scaffolds (CPS).
 In Inkjet printing , the calcium phosphate powder is temporarily bound by an adhesive
polymer, typically followed by the sintering of the printed body at high temperature for
permanent binding.
3D Printable Composite Materials With
Thermal Properties
 3D printing provides the opportunity to incorporate fillers with high thermal
conductivity or insulating properties for the fabrication of composites for temperature
dependent applications.
 Using the FDM(Fused deposition modelling) process it is not possible to introduce
high filler conc. Of components like graphene etc. because it is resulting in blockage
of nozzle.
 This limitation can be overcome by employing the SLA (Stereo lithography) based
printers.
 In SLA 3D printers the layers of liquid polymer are photo-cured via the application of
ultraviolet laser, therefore avoiding the need for nozzle.
 Recently the characteristics of photo-curable resins available for SLA 3D printers has
been improved by the addition of TiO2 nano-particles.
3D Printed Composite Materials With
Enhanced Optical Properties
 Inkjet printing has gain much attention for the manufacturing of electrochromic

devices.

 However , high viscosity and surface tension of the ink causes difficulties in ejecting

and preserving the spherical shape of the droplet.

 To overcome these limitations the use of colloidal composites of intrinsically

conductive polymers (ICPs), it decreases the viscosity of high molecular weight

polymer in commonly used solvents.

3D Printed Composites With Enhanced
Structural And Mechanical Properties
Cost Comparision Of 3D Printing Vs
Conventional Production
3D Printable Composite Materials For
Biomedical Applications
 In inkjet printing, Khalyfa et al. (2007) developed a 3D printable composite powder
consisting of tetracalcium phosphate (Ca4(PO4)2O) as a reactive component, and β-
tricalcium phosphate (β -TCP) or calcium sulphate as biodegradable fillers. An aqueous
solution of citric was used as a binder.

 Fielding et al. (2012) incorporated ZnO and SiO2 into calcium phosphate powder for the
development of composite material with enhanced mechanical and biological properties.
3D Printable Composite Materials With
Thermal Properties
 Recently a 3D printed graphene–polymer composite has been fabricated by introducing
graphene fakes into a commercially available polymer matrix for FDM printing.

 In this work, graphene was first oxidized to graphene oxide (GO), which was then
dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).

 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) was then also dissolved in NMP. The two

solutions were homogeneously mixed to form GO–ABS dispersion, followed by
chemical reduction of GO to develop G–ABS dispersion which was fractionally
precipitated via the addition of water.

 The developed G–ABS composite was melted (210 degC) in the FDM 3D printer
nozzle, for fabrication of the thermally conducting composites.
3D Printed Composite Materials With
Enhanced Optical Properties
 The inkjet printing of quantum-dot polymer composites, based upon a colloidal
dispersion of quantum dots in polyisobutylene has been employed for the fabrication of
patterns of robust luminescent light-converting thin films for AC electroluminescent
displays.

 Shim et al. (2008) prepared an ICP ink using colloidal composite particles of
polyaniline–silica and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–silica for the fabrication of
electrochromic devices capable of changing colour depending upon an applied voltage.
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