Purposive

Communication:
Communication
in Multicultural Context
 Saki is having a conversation with Hayley. They
were very happy talking about their funny senior high
school experiences from their respective countries. In
the middle of the conversation, Hayley said, ”You are
such a funny man, I like your sense of humor.” Saki
nodded and said, “I want to rov you like my own sister.”
Hayley’s face went pale and asked what Saki meant.
Saki repeated, “I want to rov you.” Then Hayley said, “Is
that what you’re doing to your sister?” Then Saki agreed.
After a few minutes, Saki found himself explaining to the
police officer that what he meant was to “love” the
woman and not to “rub” nor ”rob” her.
 Communication
• It is a two-way process that aims
for mutual understanding wherein
parties involved do not only send
and receive information, news
ideas and feeling but also create
and share meaning.
Different Nature of Communication
 1. Communication is a process
• Communication is made of
different elements and that is
passes through a process from
conceptualizing the message to
getting feedback after giving a
message.
 2. Communication is Symbolic
• Symbols are used to
represent things, process,
ideas, or events in ways that
make communication
possible.
3. COMMUNICATION IS BOTH A DISCIPLINE AND
LIBERATION

• Communication makes use of language that is used to

convey ideas.
• It is flexible that it gives communicators the freedom to
use words that are necessary for communicating
words.
Verbal Messages in Communication

• It pertains to the sounds and words that you use

when you communicate. It covers the choice
and the order of words in a sentence.
Differences in Meaning of Messages

• People who may be speaking the same language

could still experience communication problems when
trying to understand verbal messages. This is because
not all words mean the same thing to all people.
• Words in verbal messages can be denotative or
connotative.
Changes in Language for Communication

• Language is dynamic. There are words that

evolve in our daily communication. The words
that you might have used before may have
already evolved to something new.
Slang

• It is informal language that is unique to particular

group. They are words that change most often
and they are used in informal conversations.
Essential Components of Communication
• Source /Sender • Receiver
• Message • Feedback
• Channels • Environment
• Noise/interference • Context
 Source /Sender
• It is the creator of the message
• More than one source can exist at one time
• Both persons (as in the diagram) function as a
source; sending messages simultaneously to
one another.
 Source/Sender : Roles
• Determines the meaning of what is to be
communicated
• Encodes the meanings into a message
• Sends the message
• Perceives and reacts to the response from the receiver
What does each person bring to the system?
• Knowledge
• Attitudes
• Socio-cultural background.
• “Everything”
• The greater the difference between Person A and B, the greater the effort and
skill needed to communicate between them.
• Respecting each others’ view is a good starting point
Source/sender : Meanings of Message
• The meaning behind the message determines how you
create/will create the message.

• Your tone of voice, your choice of words and other non-

verbal behaviors will help indicate the meanings.
 Source/sender :Encoding
• Once a source has chosen a meaning, s/he encodes it.
• Encoding is a process by which the source translates
thoughts or feelings into words, sounds and physical
expressions, which together make up the actual
message that is meant to be sent.
Source /sender : Sending and Reacting

• Sending: The source then sends the message,

which involves the source’s ability to
communicate overtly, that is to use voice and
body to express the intended message
accurately.
Source/sender: sending and reacting
• Reacting : the source/sender must interpret the
receiver’s response to the message. A source’s
perception of a receiver’s response in most
communication situations is simultaneous with the
response.
 Message
• The message is the stimulus produced by the source.
• Messages are comprised of words, grammar,
organization of thoughts, physical appearance, body
movement, voice, aspects of the person’s personality
and self-concept, personal style etc.
 Message
• Environment and noise can also shape the message.
• Each message is unique, even if the same message is
created over and over again. It would differ in each
instance because messages cannot be repeated or
received exactly the same way or in the same context.
 Channels
• A channel is the route by which message flow between
sources and receivers.
• We also receive communication by smelling, touching
and tasting.
 Noise / Interference

• Anything that changes the meaning of the intended

message is called interference.
• Interference can be external and physical, such as
noise caused by people talking.
• Interference can be non physical such as unpleasant
environment.
 Receiver
• A receiver analyses and interprets messages, translating them
into meaning (this process is called decoding).
• In a communication dyad, both people are simultaneously a
receiver and a source.
• Just like the source, the receiver has many roles.
 Feedbacks
• A feedback is the response to a message, that a
receiver sends back to a source.
• Feedback enables a sender to determine whether the
communication has been received and understood as
intended.
 Feedbacks

• Served as a control mechanism in the communication process.

• Another advantage of feedback is the increased reception of
information. As the amount of feedback increases, so does the
accuracy of communication and the does the recipient’s
confidence in performance.
 Environment
• Environment encompasses the attitudes, feelings,
perceptions and everything else in the physical world
and the psychological world.
• The environment affects the nature and quality of the
communication.
• Pleasing and comfortable environments are more likely
to produce positive exchanges.
 Context
• Context means: the broad circumstances or situation in which communication
occur.
• Each context affects what we say and how we say it.
• Context also determines the type of communication used.