Plant and

Animal Cell
Learning Competency 4
-explain how cells carry out
functions required for life
S11/12LT-Iibd-4
Discoveries related to Cell
Robert Hooke
-in 1655, an English
scientist, examined a
thin slice of cork under
the microscope.
-He observed that the
piece of cork was
composed of many tiny
compartments that
resembled little rooms
surrounding the wall
-He named these as cells.
 Discoveries related to Cell
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
-in 1674, he discovered
red blood cells, sperm
cells, and a multitude of
single celled organism
in pond water.
-it was he who
discovered bacteria,
free living and parasitic
protist and other
microscopic organism.
Discoveries related to Cell
Robert Brown
-discovered the
nucleus in 1831 in
the epidermis of an
orchid.
-he also theorized
that this structure is
a fundamental and
constant component
of the cell.
Discoveries related to Cell
Felix Dujardin
-found out that living
cell contain an
internal substance –
not knowing exactly
what this substance
was, he gave it the
name sarcode.
Discoveries related to Cell
Jan Evangelista
Purkinje
-made a thorough
investigation of this
internal material.
-He gave it the name
protoplasm, the
colloidal substance
in the cell.
Discoveries related to Cell
Matthias
Schleiden
-in 1838, a
German
botanist that
stated that
all plants are
composed of
cells
Discoveries related to Cell
Theodor
Schwann
-in 1839, he
was a German
zoologist
concluded that
all animals are
composed of
cells
Discoveries related to Cell
Rudolf Virchow
-in 1858, he was a
German biologist who
theorized that all living
cells come from pre
existing living cells.
-His conclusion arose
from observing dividing
cells during his work.
 The Cell Theory
These observations became the major
components of cell theory.
The cell theory states the following.
-all living things are composed of one or
more cell products.
-all living cells come from the other living
cells by the process of cell division
-cells are the basic unit of structure and
functions of organism.
 Types of Cell
Prokaryotes
- Cell which lacks
the membrane
bound structures
lie nucleus,
mitochondria,
and golgi bodies
- Bacteria belong
to these group.
- Lack true nucleus
 Types of Cell
Eukaryotes
- The most distinct
feature is the
presence of well
defined nucleus
bound but a double
nuclear membrane
which is absent in
prokaryotic cells
- -multicellular
organism are
composed with this
type of cell.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes vs
Eukaryotes
Parts of Cell
Parts of Cell
 Parts of Cell
Nucleus
-it controls all
the activities of
the other parts
that occur
within the cell.
The nucleus
contains
materials that
play a role in
heredity.
-it contains the
DNA which
directs the
activity of the
cell
 Parts of Cell
Cell/ Plasma
membrane
-encloses the cell and
separates what is
inside
it from its
environment. It also
controls what goes
into and out of the
cell.
The plasma membrane
allows entry of
materials needed by
the cell and
eliminates those
which are not needed.
 Parts of Cell
Cytoplasm
-consists
of a jelly-
like
substance
where all
the other
parts of
the cell are
located.
 Parts of Cell
Mitochondri
a
-powerhouse
of the cell
-microscopic
rod shaped
bodies
-site for
cellular
respiration
 Parts of Cell
Ribosome
-tiny dot like
structure
-
manufacture
great
amounts of
protein
-site for
protein
synthesis
 Parts of Cell
Endoplasmic
reticulum
-networks of
tiny canals
through the
cell
-
manufacture
r and shipper
of the cell
Rough
Parts of Cell
Endoplasmic
reticulum
-the outer
surface are
lined with
ribosomes
resulting in
granular
appearance.
-aids the
ribosome in
protein
synthesis
 Parts of Cell
Smooth
Endoplasmic
reticulum
-have no
ribosomes
-functions in
synthesis of
lipids, drug
detoxification
, and
attachment of
receptors on
cell
 Parts of Cell
Golgi bodies/
complex/
apparatus
-discovered by
Camillo Golgi
-packaging
counters of the
cell
-responsible for
taking the
proteins which
were created by
the ribosomes
and making
them bigger and
better.
 Parts of Cell
Vacuole
-storage tank of
the cell
-fluid filled cavities
surrounded by
membranes
-are storage
organelles that
usually carry food
molecules or
wastes in solution.
Plant cells have a
large central
vacuole that stores
water and other
materials.
 Parts of Cell
Lysosomes
-suicide bags of
the cell
-releases
enzyme capable
of breaking
down cellular
constituents
usually old cell
-also makes
possible the
destruction of
microorganism
such as bacteria
or foreign body
 Parts of Cell
Centrioles
- The
centrioles
help in the
formation of
the spindle
fibers that
separate the
chromosom
es during
cell division
 Parts of Cell
Cytoskeleton
-framework of
the cell
-supports the
internal system
of a cell and
also gives its
shape
-consist of
microtubules /
microfilament
 Organelles peculiar to plant
Cell Wall cells
-a rigid structure
which lies outside
the plasma
membrane
protecting and
supporting the cell
-composed mainly of
cellulose
 Organelles peculiar to plant
Chloroplast cells
-contains the
green pigment
chlorophyll
which is
essential in
photosynthesis.
Animal cell Vs Plant cell