MOHR CIRCLE

Christian Otto Mohr developed Mohr’s Circle

In 1882, he developed the graphical method for
analysing stress known as Mohr’s Circle
(i)What is Principal Stress, Maximum Shear Stress, State of
Stress, Plain Stress
(ii) how to draw Mohr Circle in 2 & 3 Dimensional Mohr Circle.
(iii) (a)Problems on Pure Torsion, (b)Fluid Passing through a
thin walled tube experiencing Hoop Stress and Longitudinal
Stress, (d)Fluid passing through a cylindrical tube
experiencing torque and hoop and longitudinal stresses.
 Mohr’s Circle
Mohr circle is the Graphical representation of State of Stress and
used to determine graphically the stress components, e.g., Principal
Stresses, maximum shear stress acting on a plane.
There are nine stress components.
3 Normal stresses and 6 shear stresses.

By state of stress at a point, we mean

an information which is required at
that point such that it remains under
equilibrium. or simply a general state of
stress at a point involves all the
normal stress components, together
with all the shear stress components
Plane Stress ---- stress along z-direction is ZERO
plane strain condition is one in which strain associated along z-
direction is ZERO.
 Pure Uniaxial Tension

sy = 0 sx
max 
2
sx = P/A

s2 = 0 s1= sx

Note when sx = Sy,

Ductile Materials Tend to Fail Sys = Sy/2
in SHEAR
Pure Uniaxial Compression

sx
sy = 0 max 
2
sx = P/A
s1 = 0
s 2= sx
Principal Stress Maximum principal stress theory
is useful for brittle
materials. Maximum principal
stress theory or maximum
principal stress criterion states
that failure will occur
when maximum principal
stress developed in a body
exceeds uniaxial ultimate
tensile/compressive strength (or
yield strength) of the material.
Sample Problem
y
A particular point
on the part
x

sy = -2 ksi
Some Part
sx = 6 ksi

xy = 3
x & y  orientation ksi
Mohr’s Circle  (CW)

sy = -2 ksi
x-axis
sx = 6 ksi (6 ksi, 3 ksi)
2 6
3
xy = 3 ksi
s

Center of Mohr’s
3 Circle

(-2 ksi, -3 ksi)

y-axis
 Mohr’s Circle (savg, max)
 (CW)

sy = -2 ksi
x-face
sx = 6 ksi
(6 ksi, 3ksi)

xy = 3 ksi
s
s2 savg = 2 ksi s1

(-2 ksi, -3ksi)

y-face
sx  sy (savg, min)
s avg   2 ksi
2
 Mohr’s Circle (savg, max)
 (CW)
(2 ksi, 5 ksi)
sy = -2 ksi
x-face
sx = 6 ksi
(6 ksi, 3ksi)
R
3 ksi
xy = 3 ksi s
s2 s1
4 ksi
R  (3 ksi)2  ( 4 ksi)2
 5 ksi
R  max y-face
s1  savg + R  7 ksi (savg, min)
s2  savg – R  -3 ksi (2 ksi, -5 ksi)
Mohr’s Circle (savg, max)
 (CW)
(2 ksi, 5 ksi)
sy = -2 ksi
x-face
sx = 6 ksi
(6 ksi, 3ksi)
3 ksi
xy = 3 ksi 2q
s
s2 s1
4 ksi
-1 3 ksi 
2q  Tan  
 4 ksi 
2q  36 .869 
y-face
q  18 .435 
(savg, min)
(2 ksi, -5 ksi)
Principle Stress (savg, max)
 (CW)
(2 ksi, 5 ksi)

s2 = -3 ksi x-face

(6 ksi, 3ksi)
q = 18.435°
3 ksi
s1 = 7 ksi 2q
s
Principle Stress s2 s1
4 ksi
Element

Rotation on element is
half of the rotation from
the circle in same (savg, min)
direction from x-axis (2 ksi, -5 ksi)
 Shear Stress (savg, max)
 (CW)
(2 ksi, 5 ksi)

savg = 2 ksi x-face

 = 26.565°
2 (6 ksi, 3ksi)
max = 5 ksi
3 ksi
2q
savg = 2 ksi s
s2 s1
Maximum Shear 4 ksi
Stress Element
2  90  - 2q
2  90 - 36 .869 
y-face
2  53 .130  (savg, min)
 26 .565  (2 ksi, -5 ksi)
 Relationship Between Elements

savg = 2 ksi

sy = -2 ksi max = 5 ksi

savg = 2 ksi
sx = 6 ksi  = 26.565°

q = 18.435° s2 = -3 ksi
xy = 3 ksi

s1 = 7 ksi
q +  = 18.435 ° + 26.565 ° = 45 °
3 - Dimensional Mohr Circle
 sy 3-D MOHR CIRCLE
Uni-Axial Tension
sx
sz
max  R

s2 = s3 =0 s1

s1
 sy 3-D MOHR CIRCLE
Uni-Axial Compression
sx
sz
max  R

s3 s1 = s2 = 0

-s3
 Mohr’s Circle (Bi-Axial Tension)
sy
 (CW)

sx max  2
sz
1 3
s
s2
s3 s1

sz = 0 since it is
perpendicular to the free
face of the element. s1 > s2 > s3
Mohr’s Circle (Tri-Axial Tension)
sy
 (CW)

sx max  2
sz 3
1

s
s2
s3 s1

s1 > s2 > s3
Mohr’s Circle (Uni-Axial Tension and Bi-
Axial Compression
sy  (CW)

max  2
sx
3
sz
1

s3 s2
s3 s1 s
 Mohr’s Circle (Tri-Axial Tension)
sy
 (CW)

sx
sz
max 2 3

s
2s32s2 s1
Maximum shear stress is reduced
considerably. This results in
considerable decreased in ductility
of the materials.
s1 2s2 =2s3
Pure Torsion
T

 max   xy
T

Tc
 xy  s2 = -xy s1 = xy
J

Brittle materials
s1 tend to fail in
CHALK TENSION.