WELCOME

Faculty- ASHOK RASEKAR

210 MW LMW STEAM

TURBINE GOVERNING
AND
PROTECIION SYSTEM
 STEAM TURBINE GOVERNING
&PROTECTION SYSTEM

GOVERNING SYSTEM
1) HIGH RESPONSE HYDROMECHANICAL
GOVERNING SYSTEM

2) STABLE SPEED CONTROL IN ISOLATED

OPERATION OF THE SET

3) THE DESIRED DEGREE OF LOAD

DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN SETS RUNNING IN
PARALLEL
• 4) TO BRING THE TURBINE SPEED
SMOOTHLY FROM BARRING GEAR TO
SYNCHRONISING SPEED UNDER THE
CONTROL OF OPERATOR ACTION.

• a) NORMAL GOVERNING MECHANISM

• b) PROTECTION MECHANISM
• C) PRE- EMERGENCY DEVICES
 MOTOR

HPT IPT LPT

• 4) TO BRING THE TURBINE SPEED

SMOOTHLY FROM BARRING GEAR TO
SYNCHRONISING SPEED UNDER THE
CONTROL OF OPERATOR ACTION.
 15.75K
SET VOLT VvV
+
GEN VOLT
E
-
AVR

15.75KV 400KV

X
70% of15.75KV
me
r

RT GCB G

THY G G
FB
G

415V BUSBAR
AC SUP
 HRH IV-L

MS-1
FROM
BOILER
ESV-L

MS-2 MS-3

R/H
CRH

MS-5 MS- 6 ESV-R

FROM IV-R
MS-4
BOILER HRH
 CAM

300 MM

100 MM

0 MM FULCRUM

CVSM
CAM SHAFT
PISTON

MAIN STEAM

FROM GOV. AFTER ESV

TO
TURBIN
20
kg/cm2

7.7kg/cm2
 Irrespective of variation in load, the generators are
required to run at constant speed. However when load
on generator varies there will be corresponding
variation of load on turbine also if the I/P to the turbine
remains same, the speed of the turbine tends to
increase or decrease depending on whether there is
decrease or increase in load. This will cause speed of
generator also vary. In order to maintain constant
speed, the steam flow through turbine need to be
regulated.
 Such an operation of speed regulation is known as
GOVERNING.
 It is done automatically by means of Governor.
 All TG sets have got Hydraulic Governor.

AN ISOLATED TG SET
17
 FLYBALL SPEED LOAD LIMITOR SPEEDER
GOVERNOR 0 TO FULL LOAD GEAR
SIGNAL FROM
MECHANICAL LINK MECHANICAL CONTROL
LINK SYSTEM
FOLLOW PILOT VLV
SUMMATION LOAD SPEED
WITH 14 % OVER
PILOT VALVE CTRL PILOT VLV
SPEED PROTECTION

DIFFERENTIATOR
EMERGENCY
GOVERNOR
PILOT VALVE INTERMEDIATE IV STOP
S/D PILOT VALVE VALVE
Switch SERVOMOTOR
EMERGENCY CONTROL VALVE
GOVERNOR SERVOMOTOR
WITH MECH STRIKER EMERGENCY
STOP
VALVE
ISPUG HP & IP CONTROL SERVOMOTOR
VALVES THROUGH 18
CVSM LINKAGE
 ELEMENTS OF GOVERNING
SYSTEM
SPEED GOVERNER PILOT BLOCK

Load/Speed
control pilot
valve

Follow up
pilot valve

Summation
pilot valve
 ELEMENTS OF GOVERNING
SYSTEM

1) LOAD/SPEED CONTROL PILOT

VALVE

2) FOLLOW-PILOT VALVE

3) SUMMATION PILOT VALVE

ELEMENTS OF GOVERNING
SYSTEM
4) SPEED GOVERNER
5)INTERMEDIATE-PILOT
VALVE
 1) )

6) CONTROL VALVE SERVOMOTOR

7) DIFFERENTIATOR (ANTICIPATORY GEAR)

8) LOAD LIMITER

9)ELECTROHYDRAULIC TRANSDUCER (EHT)

10) INITIAL STEAM PRESSURE UNLOADING

GEAR
CONTROL VALVE
SERVOMOTOR
 DIFFERENTIATOR
(ANTICIPATORY GEAR)
LOAD LIMITER
ELECTROHYDRAULIC
TRANSDUCER (EHT)
 ELEMENTS OF PROTECTION
SYSTEM
• 1) EMERGENCY GOVERNOR LEVERS,
INDICATORS AND TESTING COCK
• 2) TURBINE SHUT DOWN SWITCH
• 3) EMERGENCY GOVERNOR PILOT
VALVES
• 4) EMERGENCY STOP VALVE
SERVOMOTOR
• 5) INTERCEPTOR VALVE SERVOMOTOR
 GOVERNING. AND
PROTECTION SYSTEM
• The turbine is equipped with a high response
hydromechanical system of automatic governing
which ensures smooth and stable operation of
the turboset under all conditions of operation.
The system is capable of sustaining full load
dump from the generator without the operation
of protection system and thus enables quick
reloadIng of the turboset, The turbine is also
provided with reliable protection devices which
ensure the stoppage of turbIne under emergent
conditions of Its operation.
 SPEED GOVERNER
1) SPEED GOVERNOR IS THE MAIN SENSING ELEMENT
2) OF THE GOVERNING SYSTEM.

3) IT SENSES SPEED VARIATION AND TRANSFORMS IT

4) INTO A LINEAR DISPLACEMENT OF SLEEVE.

5) SPEED GOVERNOR IS OF THE CENTRIFUGAL

6) FLYWEIGHT BAND SPRING TYPE

7) IT IS MOUNTED ON THE SHAFT OF MAIN OIL

8) PUMP.
• The principal sensing organ, is directly
coupled to the turbine rotor through a gear
coupling and has been so designed to
maintain automatically the speed of the
turboset within the static speed regulation
of 4 ± 1%. The speed governor Is
hydraulically coupled to the speed
governor pilot block whichis located within
the front bearing pedestal. The pilot block
is provided with a control gear
(Synchronise) which acomplishes the
following basic purposes
 SPEED GOVERNOR
ANY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
POWER
GENERATED BY THE TURBINE AND THE
LOAD ON IT,WOULD CAUSE CHANGE IN
THE SPEED OF THE SET .THIS CHANGE
IS SENSED BY SPEED GOVERNOR. THE
GOVERNOR SLEEVE MOVES
PROPORTIONAL TO SPEED CHANGE .
• Emergency governor with two centrifugal
strikers, which operate at 11-12% above
the rated speed, Is Incorporated In the
system to protect the turbine against
excessive over speeds. As soon as the
emergency governor operates, the
emergency stop vlaves, control valves of
HPT and IPT and also the interceptor
valves of IPT get closed. The stop valves
and the Interceptor valves can again be
opened as soon as the speed falls to
101% of the rated value
• 4) FollowIng additional protections have been
incorporated in the turboset
• ) Initial steam pressure unloading gear (ISPUG) comes
into action when the Initial steam pressure drops to 117
± 2 ata and completely unloads the set at 91 ata.
• ) Electro hydraulic transducer Is an instiument for
converting electrical signal 2 seconds delayed In time
from generator circuit breaker tripping, into hydraulic
signal in the primary sensitive oil line, resulting in closure
of control valves.
• *9 A back-up protection has been provided to trip the
turbine at 14 to 15% overspeed in case emergency
governor falts to operate.
 FOLLOW -PILOT VALVE
1) FOLLOW PILOT SPOOL FOLLOWS
THE MOVEMENT OF GOVERNOR
SLEEVE AND ACTUATES THE
SUMMATION PILOT VALVE
THROUGH LEVER.

2) FOLLW PILOT SPOOL MECHANICALLY

CONNECTED TO SUMMATION PILOT
SPOOL AND LOAD/SPEED CONTROL
VALVE THROUGH LEVER.
 LOAD /SPEED CONTROL PILOT
VALVE
1) IT CONVERTS MECHANICAL SIGNAL
FROM SPEEDER GEAR INTO
HYDRAULIC SIGNALS TO
EMERGENCY GOVERNOR PILOT
VALVE, EMERGENCY STOP VALVE
SERVOMOTOR AND INTERCEPTOR
VALVE SERVOMOTER.

2) IT ACTUATE THE SUMMATION PILOT

VALVE THROUGH LEVER.
• (a) Charging of the emergency governor pilots
and opening of the emergency stop valves,
Interceptor valves and control valves.
• ) Speed changing of the turboset at no load and
synchronising the turboset at any frequency.
• (c) Distribution of load during parallel operation.
• (d) Increasing of speed for testing the strikers of
the emergency governor at no load.
• The control gear can be operated either
manually from the turbine or by remote control
from unit control desk.
 SUMMATION PILOT
VALVE
IT RECEIVES SIGNAL FROM FOLLOW UP
PILOT VALVE AND LOAD/ SPEED
CONTROL PILOT VALVE THROUGH
LEVER AND ACTUATES DIFFERENTIATOR
AND INTERMEDIATE PILOT VALVE
 INTERMEDIATE PILOT
VALVE
• THE INTERMEDIATE PILOT VALVE
AMPLIFIES THE HYDRAULIC SIGNALS
FROM SUMMATION PILOT VALVE,
DIFFERENTIATOR, ELECTRO-
HYDRAULIC TRANS DUCER AND EGP
VALVE. THE AMPLIFIED HYDRAULIC
SIGNALS IS, IN TURN, TRANSMITTED
TO CONTROL VALVE SERVOMOTOR.
5)INTERMEDIATE-PILOT
VALVE
 DIFFERENTIATOR
[Anticipatory gear]
THE DIFFERENTIATOR ESSENTIALLY
CAUSES ANTICIPATORY CLOSURE OF
CONTROL VALVES OF HPT AND IPT , IN
CASE THE LOAD THROW OFF IS MORE
THAN 50% OF THE NOMINAL,
THUS PREVENTING UNDUE SPEED RISE.
 DIFFERENTIATOR
(ANTICIPATORY GEAR)
EMERGENCY GOVERNOR PILOT
VALVE
IT IS AN INTERMEDIATE ELEMENT TO
CONVERT THE MECHANICAL SIGNAL
RECEIVED FROM EMERGENCY
GOVERNOR TO A HYDRAULIC SIGNAL. IT
RECEIVES HYDRAULIC SIGNALS FROM
FOLLOW PILOT VALVE AND TURBINE
SHUTDOWN SWITCH ALSO. HYDRAULIC
SIGNAL IS TRANSFERRED TO
EMERGENCY STOP VALVE
SERVOMOTORS, INTERCEPTER VALVES
SERVOMOTORS AND CONTROL VALVE
SERVOMOTOR TO TRIP THE SET.
 ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC
TRANSDUCER

IT CONVERTS ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

DERIVED FROM

GENRETOR CIRCUIT BREAKER INTO

HYDRAULIC

SIGNAL IN THE PRIMARY SENSITIVE OIL

LINE.
 SPEEDER GEAR
IT ESSENTIALLY ACTUATES
LOAD/SPEED
CONTROL PILOT VALVE. THE
SPEEDER GEAR CAN ACTUATES
EITHER BY OPERATING THE
HAND WHEEL AT THE FRONT
PEDASTAL OR BY REMOTE
OPERATION FROM UNIT
CONTROL PANNEL.
Load/Speed control pilot valve
 EGPV CHARGING
OIL

Load/Speed control OIL TO ESV/IV

pilot valve

Speeder
Sp/gr upto
gear
6.7mm2.5 EGPV
mm
open
LOAD/SPEED
CONTROL close
PILOT VALVE
SOP

20 Kg/cm2 20 Kg/cm2
control oil Protection oil ESV/IV
TO FOLLOW UP V/V,
SUMMATION V/V
 EGPV CHARGING OIL

OIL TO ESV/IV

Load/Speed control
pilot valve

DRAIN
Speeder
Sp/gr upto
gear
6.7mm2.5
mm
open
LOAD/SPEED
CONTROL close
PILOT VALVE
SOP

20 Kg/cm2 20 Kg/cm2
control oil Protection oil ESV/IV
TO FOLLOW UP V/V,
SUMMATION V/V
 EGPV CHARGING OIL

OIL TO ESV/IV

Load/Speed control
pilot valve

Speeder
Sp/gr upto DRAIN

gear
6.7mm2.5
mm
open
LOAD/SPEED
CONTROL close
PILOT VALVE
SOP

20 Kg/cm2 20 Kg/cm2
control oil Protection oil ESV/IV
TO FOLLOW UP V/V,
SUMMATION V/V
SOP

MOP

8.8 kg/cm2
FROM DIFFERENTIATOR

FROM INTERMEDIATE VALVE 7.7 kg/cm2

 FROM DIFFERENTIATOR

FROM INTERMEDIATE VALVE

INTERMEDIATE PILOT VALVE

SEC. SENSING OIL

FROM FEEDBACK valve
Oil drain to mop
suction line

Press. Adjusting
throttle v/v

20 kg/cm2 control
oil from SOP/MOP

Primary
sensing oil to
summation
pilot valve Connected to EGPV port
CVSM
 To cvsm piolt
To intermediate pilot valve
 20KG/CM2
Drawn by -- A.D.RASEKAR
OPEN
CV-2
OPEN

EGPV charging
oil line 20KG/CM2
2 1

3 4 Cam
Oil to HPT CV
EGPV CV-1
ESV/IV IV
20KG/CM2

ChargedESV
upto
Charged upto
6.7 mm
5.9 mmSp. Gear
20 kg/cm2 control oil
TTS
Prot. oil Steam
E/ TRIP

20 kg/cm2
Drain
Speeder gear 20KG/CM2

Load/Speed
control pilot v/v
15.4kg
Feedback v/v

13 kg/cm2 MOP
7.7kg
5 kg/ cm2

Follow up pilot
valve
8.8 kg
Summation pilot valve
DIFF Intermediate pilot CVSM CVSM
20 kg
MOT valve Pilot v/v
Drain 7.7 kg

SOP Sec.sensing oil 10.3 kg/cm2 From feedback

Pri sensing
oil From int.pilot v/v 7.7 kg/cm2 From Diff.8.8 kg/cm2 Drain to mop suction
 20KG/CM2
Drawn by -- A.D.RASEKAR
OPEN
CV-2
OPEN

EGPV charging
oil line 20KG/CM2
2 1

3 4 Cam
Oil to HPT CV
EGPV CV-1
ESV/IV IV
20KG/CM2

ChargedESV
upto
Charged upto
6.7 mm
5.9 mmSp. Gear
20 kg/cm2 control oil
TTS
Prot. oil Steam
E/ TRIP

20 kg/cm2
Drain
Speeder gear 20KG/CM2

Load/Speed
control pilot v/v
15.4kg
Feedback v/v

13 kg/cm2 MOP
7.7kg
5 kg/ cm2

Follow up pilot
valve
8.8 kg
Summation pilot valve
DIFF Intermediate pilot CVSM CVSM
20 kg
MOT valve Pilot v/v
Drain 7.7 kg

SOP Sec.sensing oil 10.3 kg/cm2 From feedback

Pri sensing
oil From int.pilot v/v 7.7 kg/cm2 From Diff.8.8 kg/cm2 Drain to mop suction
 CV-2
20KG/CM2
Drawn by -- A.D.RASEKAR
OPEN
OPEN

EGPV charging
oil line 20KG/CM2
2 1

3 4
Oil to HPT CV Cam
EGPV CV-1
ESV/IV IV
20KG/CM2

ChargedESV
upto
Charged upto
6.7 mm
5.9 mmSp. Gear
20 kg/cm2 control oil
TTS
Prot. oil Steam
E/ TRIP

20 kg/cm2
Drain
Speeder gear 20KG/CM2

Load/Speed
control pilot v/v
15.4kg
Feedback v/v

13 kg/cm2 MOP
7.7kg
5 kg/ cm2

Follow up pilot
valve
8.8 kg
Summation pilot valve
DIFF Intermediate pilot CVSM CVSM
20 kg
MOT valve Pilot v/v
Drain 7.7 kg

SOP Sec.sensing oil 10.3 kg/cm2 From feedback

Pri sensing
oil From int.pilot v/v 7.7 kg/cm2 From Diff.8.8 kg/cm2 Drain to mop suction
 CV-2
20KG/CM2
Drawn by -- A.D.RASEKAR
OPEN
OPEN

EGPV charging
oil line 20KG/CM2
2 1

3 4
Oil to HPT CV Cam
EGPV CV-1
ESV/IV IV
20KG/CM2

ChargedESV
upto
Charged upto
6.7 mm Sp. Gear
5.9 mm
20 kg/cm2 control oil
TTS
Prot. oil Steam
E/ TRIP 20 kg/cm2
Drain
Speeder gear 20KG/CM2

Load/Speed
control pilot v/v
15.4kg
Feedback v/v

13 kg/cm2 MOP
7.7kg
5 kg/ cm2

Follow up pilot
valve
8.8 kg
Summation pilot valve
DIFF Intermediate pilot CVSM CVSM
20 kg
MOT valve Pilot v/v
Drain 7.7 kg

SOP Sec.sensing oil 10.3 kg/cm2 From feedback

Pri sensing
oil From int.pilot v/v 7.7 kg/cm2 From Diff.8.8 kg/cm2 Drain to mop suction
 CV-2
20KG/CM2
Drawn by -- A.D.RASEKAR
OPEN
OPEN

EGPV charging
oil line 20KG/CM2
2 1

3 4
Oil to HPT CV Cam
EGPV CV-1
ESV/IV IV
20KG/CM2

ChargedESV
upto
Charged upto
6.7 mm Sp. Gear
5.9 mm
20 kg/cm2 control oil
TTS
Prot. oil Steam
STOP
E/ TRIP 20 kg/cm2
Drain
Speeder gear 20KG/CM2

Load/Speed
control pilot v/v
15.4kg
Feedback v/v

13 kg/cm2 MOP
7.7kg
5 kg/ cm2

Follow up pilot
valve
8.8 kg
Summation pilot valve
DIFF Intermediate pilot CVSM CVSM
20 kg
MOT valve Pilot v/v
Drain 7.7 kg

SOP Sec.sensing oil 10.3 kg/cm2 From feedback

Pri sensing
oil From int.pilot v/v 7.7 kg/cm2 From Diff.8.8 kg/cm2 Drain to mop suction
 PROTECTION SYSTEM
PROTECTION SYSTEM FUNCTION SIMILAR TO
GOVERNING
SYSTEM BY A COMBINATION OF MECHANICAL AND
HYDRULIC SIGNALS ON VARIOUSELEMENTS
DESCRIBED BELOW:

1)EMERGENCY GOVERNOR

2)EMERGENCY GOVERNOR LEVERS

3)EMERGENCY GOVERNOR INDICATORS

 CONT.

4) EMERGENCY GOVERNOR TESTING COCK

5)EMERGENCY GOVERNOR PILOT VALVE

6)EMERGENCY STOP VALVE SERVOMOTOR

7) INTERCEPTER VALVE SERVOMOTOR

8)TURBINE SHUTDOWN SWITCH

 PROTECTION SYSTEM
PROTECTION SYSTEM OPERATES AND TRIPS
THE SET (COMPLETE CLOSURE OF
EMERGENCY STOP VALVES, INTERCEPTER
VALVES AND CONTROL VALVES)

1) SPEED RISE UPTO 111 TO 112%

2) SPEED RISE UPTO 114 TO 115%

3) VACUUM BELOW 540 mm Hg

 Cont.
4) LUB OIL PRESSURE BELOW 0.3 atg.

5)MAIN STEAM TEMP.VERY LOW (450

degree)

6)HP HEATERS LEVEL VERY VERY

HIGH

7)DRUM LEVEL VERY VERY HIGH

8)AXIAL SHIGT HIGH

9) GEN. TRIP TO TURBINE TRIP