by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 “
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF
PHILIPPINE
DEMOCRATIC POLITICS

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 THE
PRE-SPANISH
GOVERNMENT
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 8

Philippines is composed of settlements or

villages called “barangay” named after
“balangay” a Malayan word w/c means “boat”.
Every barangay was virtually a state.
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
DATU – ruler or chief of 9
barangay. In some places are
called rajah, sultan or hadji.
The Datu exercises all
executive, legislative, chief
judge, and head of military.
Datu is usually assisted by the
council of elders or Maginoos.
Barangay is monarchy in form.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 10
The nobility (maharlika) – where
datu belong
4 SOCIAL The freemen (timawa) – middle
CLASSES IN class, these are the taxpayers
THE The Serfs (aliping namamahay) –
BARANGAY has the family of his own and serves
the datu or his master on the day that
they agreed
The slaves (aliping sagigilid) – has
no property at all, and has to seek
permission to his/her master if he/she
wants to marry. Their master has the
right to sell them.
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 11
Laws were either customary (handed down from
generation to generation) or written
(promulgated from time to time as necessity
THE EARLY arose). There are laws for various subjects such as:
LAWS  Inheritance
 Property rights
 Divorce
 Usury
 Family Relations
 Adultery
Those guilty of crimes were punished either by
fine or by death
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 To determine the innocence of an accused, he is 12
made to go through a number of ordeals which he
must pass.
TRIAL BY Example:
ORDEAL  Dipping one’s hand in boiling water
 Holding a lighted candle that must not be
extinguished
 Plunging and staying underwater as long as
possible
 Chewing an uncooked rice and spitting
 Bultong (wrestling) or alaw (duel) among
Ifugaos
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 THE
SPANISH
PERIOD
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 “
14

PHILIPPINES DURING
SPANISH PERIOD: ITS
GOVERNMENT AND
RULER

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 15

The Spain’s title to the Philippines was based

on the discovery of Magellan in 1521. In 1519,
he sailed for search for new territories with 5
ships: Trinidad (main ship), San Antonio,
Concepcion, Santiago, Victoria. His
expedition was followed by
 Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaisa (1525)
 Juan Cabot (1526)
 Alvaro de Saavedra (1527)
 Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1543)
 Miguel Lopez de Legaspi (1564)
Antonio Pigafetta

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 16

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1543) – he named

the islands of the Philippines in honor of the son
of King Charles I, Prince Philip II

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi (1564) - established the

permanent Spanish port in the Philippines. In June 3,
1571, Legazpi became the first governor-general of the
country. Manila became the capital city of the Spanish
East Indies, and the second city established by Spain.
Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad de Espana
– title given to Manila

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 17
KING OF SPAIN

VISITA & MINISTRY OF

RESIDENCIA COLONIES

GOVERNOR-
REAL AUDENCIA
GENERAL

ALCALDE
CORREGIDORIES AYUNTAMENTO
MAYOR

GOBERNORCILLO

CABEZA DE
BARANGAY

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 “
18

PHILIPPINES
REVOLUTIONARY ERA:
GOVERNMENT AND THE
REPUBLICS

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 THE KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT 19

Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)

From August 24, 1896, the Katipunan

became the First Filipino Government also
known as Tagalog Republic. It was formed by
Andres Bonifacio to awaken the nationalism and
free the Filipino people from Spanish
oppression and friar despotism. It was a secret
society that precipitated our glorious revolution.
The Political objective (separation of
Philippines from Spain), Moral objective
(teaching of good manners and morals), and
Civic objective (developing a sense of self-
help and defense of the oppressed)
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 20

THE KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT

Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)
KATAAS-TAASANG SANGGUNIANG
SANGGUNIAN PANGHUKUMAN

SANGGUNIANG BAYAN

SANGGUNIANG BALANGAY

Kartilla - the bible of the Katipunan. In 1893 KKK started accepting

women applicants. The Katipunan was replaced by another government
whose officials headed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo as President, were
elected in the Tejeros Convention held on March 22, 1897.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 21

THE BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC

On November 1, 1897, a republic was
established by Gen. Aguinaldo in Biak-na-
Bato (now San Miguel de Mayumo,
Bulacan). It had a constitution which was to
take effect for two years only. It declared
that the aim of the revolutions was the
“separation of the Philippines from the
Spanish monarchy and their formation
into an independence state.” The Biak-
na-Bato Republic lasted up to December
15, 1897, with conclusion of the “Pact of
Biak-na-Bato.”
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 22

THE DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT

Following the outbreak of the
Spanish-American war on April 25,
1898, Gen. Aguinaldo in view of the
chaotic conditions in the country,
established the Dictatorial
Government on May 24, 1898. The
most important achievements of the
Dictatorial Government were the
Proclamation of the Philippine
Independence at Kawit on June
12, 1898 and the reorganization of
local governments.
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT 23

In the administration of the Philippines, the

Governor-General was assisted by many
boards and officers, particularly the Board of
Authorities and the Council of Administration.
On June 23, 1898, Gen. Aguinaldo established
the Revolutionary Government replacing the
Dictatorial Government.
The decree-making such change stated that the aims of the new
government were “struggle for the independence of the Philippines, until
all nations including Spain will expressly recognize it,” and “to prepare the
country for the establishment of a real Republic.”

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 THE
AMERICAN
PERIOD
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 “
25

PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT DURING
AMERICAN OCCUPATION

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 26

THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT

The American military rule in the Philippines began on April 4,
1898, the day after the capture of Manila. The existence of was
gave the President of the United States the power to establish a
Military Government in the Philippines, as Commander-in-Chief of
all Armed Forces of the United States. His authority was delegated
to the military governor who exercised as long as the war lasted,
all powers of government – executive, legislative and judicial. The
first American Military Governor was General Wesley Merritt, the
second was General Elwell E. Otis, and the third and last was
Major General Arthur MacArthur.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 27

THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT

Pursuant to the so-called Spooner Amendment (on the army
appropriation act passed in the US Congress on March 3, 1901)
which ended the military regime in the Philippines, the Civil
Government was inaugurated in Manila on July 4, 1901. The Civil
Governor whose positions was created on October 29, 1901. The
Civil Governor, also exercised legislative powers. He remained as
President of the Philippine Commission, the sole law-making body
of the government from 1901 to 1907.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 28

THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT

From 1907 to 1916, the Philippine Commission acted as the upper
house of the legislative branch with the Philippine Assembly
serving as the lower house. With the passage of the Spooner Law
in 1916, these two bodies gave way to the Philippine Legislature.
The Philippines was represented in the United States by two
Resident Commissioners who were elected the Philippine
Legislature.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 29

THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT

The next stage in the political development of the Filipinos was the
establishment of the Commonwealth Government of the
Philippines pursuant to an act of the United States Congress on
March 24, 1934, commonly known was the Tydings-McDuffie Law.
Among other things, the law provided for a transition period of ten
years during which the Philippines Commonwealth would operate
and at the expiration of said period on July 4, 1896, the
independence of the Philippines would be proclaimed and
established.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 30

THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT

The new government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines,
deemed successor to the Government of the Philippine Islands,
was inaugurated on November 15, 1935, following the first
national election under the 1935 Constitution held on September
12, 1935, with Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña, as President
and Vice-President, respectively.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 THE
JAPANESE
PERIOD
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 “
32

PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT DURING
JAPANESE OCCUPATION

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 33
THE JAPANESE MILITARY GOVERNMENT
The new government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines,
deemed successor to the Government of the Philippine Islands,
was inaugurated on November 15, 1935, following the first
national election under the 1935 Constitution held on September
12, 1935, with Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña, as President
and Vice-President, respectively.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 34
THE PHILIPPINE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION
A Civil government known as the Philippine Executive
Commission composed of Filipinos with Jorge B. Vargas as
Chairman, was organized by the military forces of occupation. The
commission exercised both the executive and legislative powers.
The laws enacted were, however, subject to the approval of the
Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Forces. The Judiciary
continued in the same form as it was under the Commonwealth.
However, it functioned without the independence which it had
traditionally enjoyed.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 35
JAPANESE-SPONSORED REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

On October 14, 1943, the so-called Japanese sponsored Republic

of the Philippines was inaugurated with Jose P. Laurel as President.
It was the same character as the Philippine Executive Commission.
Like the latter, the ultimate source of its authority was the Japanese
military authority and government, on August 17, 1945. President
Laurel proclaimed the dissolution of the Republic.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 36

EVENTS
MANAGEMENT
SERVICES NCIII
Qualification Overview