COMMUNICATION

 Communication from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to

share“.
 It is the meaningful exchange of information
between two or more people .
 The information conveyed can include facts, ideas,
concepts ,opinions ,beliefs, attitudes, instructions,
and even emotions.
 The basic purpose of communication is to inform,
educate and entertain people
Principles of communication

 The first principle is to make sure you know “what

the objective of the communication is.”
 The second principle is to know “who will receive
your communication.”
 The third principle is to know “under what
circumstances you are communicating”
 The fourth and final principle is to have a good
guess about “how the recipient will react to the
communication you have sent.”
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION
 Context/source – Context is a very broad field that
consists different aspects. one aspect is country,
culture,and organisation.other aspects external and
internal stimulus.
 Sender/encoder- Encoder is the person who sends
message. In oral communication the encoder is
speaker and in written communication writer is the
encoder
 Message – Message is the information that is
exchanged between sender and receiver.
 Medium – Medium is the channel through which
encoder will communicate his message
 Receiver/decoder- The person to whom the
message is being sent is called receiver/decoder.
 Feedback- Response or reaction of the receiver to a
message is called feedback.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
 Verbal communication.
 Oral communication.

 Written communication.

 Nonverbal communication.
Verbal communication.

 It refers to the form of communication in which message

is transmitted verbally.
 Communication is done by word of mouth and a piece
of writing
 In verbal communication remember the acronym KISS
(keep it short and simple)
 1.Oral communication
 In oral communication ,spoken words are used.
 It includes face to face conversation ,speech,telephonic
conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet
 Communication is influenced by pitch, volume,
speed,and clarity of speaking.
Principles of oral communication
 Clear pronunciation
 Preparation
 Unity and integration
 Precision
 Natural voice
 Planning
 Simplicity
 Logical
 Vocabulary
 Avoiding emotions
 Efficiency
Advantages
 High level of understanding and transparency.
 Flexible.
 Less time, money and efforts.
 Best in case of problem resolution.
 Essential for teamwork and group energy

 Disadvantages
 No record
 Distortion of word
 Probability of omitting main subject
 No legal validity
 Creates misunderstanding
Oral Comtn….
Skills of Oral communication

 Listening skill
 Speaking skill

Elements of Effectiveness of oral communication

 Word choice

 Body language

 Hone your tone

 Be a good listener
Written communication
 In written communication, written signs or symbols are
used to communicate
 In written communication message can be transmitted
via email,letter,report,memo etc
 Various forms of written communication
(internally)
 Memos,reports,bulletins,job descriptions,employee
manuals,emails,instant messages.
 Various forms of written communication
(externally)
 Faxes,email,proposals,telegrams,postcards,contracts,a
dvertisementds,brochures,news releases.
Advantages
 Accurate and Precise
 Clear understanding
 Permanent record
 Legal document
 Delegation of authority
 Less possibility of Distortion
 Creating confidence
 Wide application in some areas
 Increasing personal image
Disadvantages
 Time consuming and expensive
 Delayed feedback
 Lack of flexibility
 Meaningless to illiterate
 Lack of secrecy
 Lack of personal intimacy
 Flattery and exaggeration
Non Verbal Communication
Non verbal communication between people is
communication through sending and receiving wordless
clues.
Types

 Facial expression
 Gestures

 Body language and posture

 Proxemics

 Eye gaze

 Haptics

 Appearance

 Artifacts
Advantages
 Complementary
 Easy presentation
 Substituting
 Repeat
 Help to illiterate people
 Help to handicapped people
 Attractive presentation
 Reducing wastage of time
 Quick expression of message
Disadvantages
 Vague and imprecise
 Continuous
 Culture-bound
 Long conversations are not possible
 Difficult to understand
 Not everybody prefers
 Lack of formality
 Distortion of information
 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
 A business can flourish only when all objectives to the
organization are achieved effectively. For efficiency in an
organization, all the people to the organization must be able to
convey their message properly.

 Business communication occurs between two or more parties to

exchange business related information. BC can also refer to how
a company shares information to promote its product or services
to potential consumers. The success of a business depends on the
efficacy of business communication. For this, communication is
regarded as the lifeblood of business

 BC encompasses such topics as marketing, brand management,

customer relations, consumer behavior, advertising, public
relations, corporate communication, community engagement,
reputation management, interpersonal communication,
employee engagement, and event management.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BC
 Segmented and Specific.
 Accurate.
 Timely.
 Frequent.
 Multi-Channel.
 Face-to-Face.
 Two-Way.
 Exchanging information: Communication is mainly the exchange of
information between two or more parties. Through communication,
organizations exchange information with internal and external
parties. Communication also brings dynamism in organizational
activities and helps in attaining goals.
 Preparing plans and policies: Communication helps in preparing
organizational plans and policies. Realistic plans and policies
require adequate and relevant information. The managers collect
required information from reliable sources through communication
 Execution of plans and policies: For timely implementation of plans
and policies, managers must disseminate those in the whole
organization. In order to disseminate the plans and policies to the
internal and external parties, managers rely on communication.
 Achieving goals: Effective communication helps the employees at all
levels to be conscious and attentive. It ensures timely accomplishment
of jobs and easy achievement of goals.
 Increasing employee’s efficiency: Communication also
helps in increasing the efficiency of employees. With the
help of communication, organizational objectives, plans,
policies, rules, directives and other complex matters
explain to the employees that broaden their knowledge
and thus help them to be efficient.
 Solving problems: Through various communication
channels, the managers can be informed of various
routine and non-time problems of the organization and
accordingly they take the necessary actions to solve the
problems.
 Making decisions: Making timely decisions requires
updated information. Through effective communication,
managers can collect information from different corners
and can make the right decisions.
 Improving industrial relation: Industrial relation is the relation between
workers and management in the workplace. Good industrial relation is
always desired for business success. Communication plays a vital role in
creating and maintaining good industrial relation.
 Publicity of goods and services: In the modern age, business is becoming
highly competitive. Almost very competing manufacturer produces products
of common consumption. However, all of them cannot sell equally well. The
organization that can communicate better, can also sell better.
 Removing controversies: Effective communication allows smooth flow of
information among various parties involved in the negotiation or transaction.
As a result, conflicts, controversies and disagreements can be resolved easily.
 Enhancing employee satisfaction: If there is free and fair flow of
information in the organization, it will certainly bring mutual understanding
between management and workers. Such understanding enhances the
satisfaction of employees.
 Enhancing loyalty: Effective communication helps the managers to be
aware of the performance of their subordinates. In such a situation, the
subordinates try to show their good performance. Later on, if management
praises their performance, it will enhance employees’ loyalty.
Need of Business Communication
 Exchanging information
 Exchanging options
 Making plans and proposals
 Reaching agreement
 Executing decisions
 Sending and fulfilling orders
 Conducting sales
RELEVANCE OF BC
 Social communication
 Development of managerial efficiency
 Achievement of targets
 Co-ordination
 Linking between central and branch offices
 Preparing and execution of plans
 Basis of decision-making
 Mutual understanding and co-operation
 Raising employee morale
 Publicizing goods and services
 Exchange of information
 Elimination of rumors
Types of Business Communication
2 types: Internal & External
INTERNAL
 Within a business, there are two types of internal
communication, formal and informal.
 Formal communication refers to interchange of
information officially. The flow of communication is
controlled and is a deliberate effort. It spreads through
newsletters, manuals, emails, memos, staff meetings,
conferences and official notices.
 Informal communication occurs through the grapevine,
which is generally word-of-mouth communication.
Characteristics – formal commtn..
 Written and oral
 Formal relations
 Prescribed path
 Organizational message
 Deliberate effort
Advantages
 Maintenance of authority of the officers
 Clear and effective communication
 Orderly flow of information
 Easy knowledge of source of information
 Disadvantages

 Overload of work

 Distortion of information

 Indifferent officers
 Formal communication

 DOWNWARD.

 UPWARD.

 HORIZONTAL OR LATERAL.

 DIAGONAL OR CROSSWISE.
 Downward Communication: Communication takes place from
Upper levels of Management to Lower levels that exists in an
organizational hierarchy . This means that all the strategies,
policies and procedures that have to be followed in the
organization are communicated to lower levels.
Upward Communication: Communication takes place from
Lower to upper levels of the organizational hierarchy in the
form of feedback and performance appraisals.
Lateral/Horizontal Communication: Communication takes
place within the managers or employees working in the same
level. Example- Marketing manager and Production
Manager as they are placed on the same designation in their
respective departments.
Diagonal Communication: Communication takes place within
the employees at different levels.
Informal / Grapevine
 Informal communication is also known as grapevine
communication because there is no definite route of
communication for sharing information, it stretches
throughout the organization in all directions.
 So grapevine is an informal, unofficial and personal
communication channel that takes place within the
organisation as a result of rumor and gossip.
Advantages of Grapevine
Communication
 Grapevine channels carry information rapidly.
 The managers get to know the reactions of their
subordinates on their policies.
 The grapevine creates a sense of unity among the
employees who share and discuss their views with
each other.
 The grapevine serves as an emotional supportive
value.
 The grapevine is a supplement in those cases where
formal communication does not work.
Disadvantages of Grapevine
Communication
 1. The grapevine carries partial information at
times as it is more based on rumours.
 2. The grapevine is not trustworthy always as it
does not follows official path of communication and
is spread more by gossips and unconfirmed report.
Patterns or Types of Grapevine
Prof. Keith Davis, who has done some research work on the
nature of grapevine, has classified it into four basic types

 Single Strand Chain: The single strand chain involves the passing of
information through a line of persons to the ultimate recipient.
 Gossip Chain: In the gossip chain, one person seeks and tells the
information to everyone. This chain is just like the wheel where one
person stays at the centre and the information passes along the
spokes of the wheel to others stationed on the rim.
 Probability Chain: The probability chain is a random process in
which someone transmits the information to others in accordance with
the laws of probability and then these others tell still others in a
similar way. This chain may also be called random process.
 Cluster Chain: In the cluster chain, a person tells the information to
the selected persons who may in turn relay (pass) the information to
other selected persons. Most of the information communication
follows this chain
External Communication
 External business communication is any information
the company distributes to the public, either about the
organization itself or their products and services. .
 It leads to:
 Sales volume
 Public credibility
 Operational efficiency
 Corporate image
 Achieve organisational goal
 Customer satisfaction
METHODS OF BC
 Web-based communication(websites) - for better and
improved communication, anytime anywhere.
 Press releases
 Media interviews and press conferences
 video conferencing -- which allow people in different
locations to hold interactive meetings.
 e-mails and newsletters -- which provide an
instantaneous medium of written communication
worldwide.
 Reports -- important in documenting the activities of any
department.
 Presentations - very popular method of communication in
all types of organizations.
METHODS OF BC
 Telephone calls/ meetings -- which allow for long
distance speech.
 Forum boards -- which allow people to instantly post
information at a centralized location.
 Face-to-face meetings -- which are personal and should
be succeeded by a written followup.
 Suggestion box -- it is mainly for upward
communication as because some people may hesitate to
communicate to the top management directly so they
can give suggestion by drafting suggestion in suggestion
box.
 Managerial communication is a function which helps
managers communicate with each other as well as
with employees within the organization.
 Managerial Communication helps in the smooth flow
of information among managers working towards a
common goal. The message has to be clear and well
understood in effective communication.
 The team members should know what their manager
or team leader intends to communicate.
Importance
 Necessary for the exchange of ideas amongst
employees within the organization.
 Essential at the workplace to achieve targets within the
desired time frame.
 Reduces duplicacy of work.
 To understand and address their grievances and
problems.
 Setting goals and targets for themselves and
organization.
 Crucial role at the times of crisis.
 Managerial communication is of the following two
types:
 Interpersonal Communication - Interpersonal
communication generally takes place between two
or more individuals at the workplace.
 Organizational Communication - Communication
taking place at all levels in the organization refers
to organizational communication.
Tips for effective managerial
communication
 Managers should interact with his team members on a
regular basis.
 Promote the concept of morning meetings at workplace.
 Increase your listening skills.
 Working in a team leads to effective managerial
communication.
 Master the art of writing emails.
 Think before you speak.
 Never communicate at a noisy place.
Effective Business Communication
 The use of Effective Language to convey a clear
business message to achieve a pre determined
objective is called effective Business Communication
7 C’S OF EFFECTIVE BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
 1. Clarity

 2. Conciseness

 3. Completeness

 4. Consideration

 5. Correctness

 6. Concreteness

 7. Courtesy
 1)Clarity: This means that the business message that has
to be communicated should be clear. It should not
revolve around vague ideas and thoughts.
2) Conciseness: The message should be concise i.e., it
should be short, simple and brief. Avoid Redundant
phrases. Brevity is the key to effective Communication.
 3) Completeness: The message should be Complete and
Fluent. That means that ideas should be expressed in
lieu of well connected thoughts in the form of sentences.
It should be framed keeping the audience in mind.
 Consideration: The message should be such that you
emphasize on being empathetic and emphatic both. This
means that you should “put yourself in the shoes of others
”before communicating a message. Being emphatic refers to
the fact that right ideas should be stressed upon and should
be expressed in a form of well connected sentences.
 5)Correctness: The message should be correct devoid of any
rumors and grammatical errors. It should be exact, correct
and well timed.
 6) Concrete: The message should be concrete i.e. it should
be crisp and to the point further supported by facts and
figures in a very easy language.
 7) Courtesy: This implies that both sender and receiver
should have good terms with each other so as to understand
each other’s thoughts and feelings and respect them
 Physical barriers
 Semantic barriers
 Organizational barriers
 Psychological barriers
 PHYSICAL BARRIERS
 Internal structure of the organization and layout of office
machines and equipments creates physical barriers in
communication
 a. Distance: – communication is found obstructed in
long distance. Like communication between America and
Nepal.
 b. Noise: – it is from external sources and affects the
communication process. Noise negatively affects the
accuracy
 c. Physical arrangement: – the physical arrangement
of organizational sources like men, money, material and
machine obstruct the communication process.
Semantic barriers

The use of difficult and multiple use of languages,

words, figures, symbols create semantic barriers.
a. Language: – we can find some words having
different meaning. As meaning sent by the sender can
be quite different from the meaning understood by the
receiver. Long and complex sentences creates problem
in communication process.
b. Jargons: – technical or unfamiliar language
creates barriers to communication that may be drawn
from the literature. So message should be simple and
condensed as far as possible so that no confusion
creation will be there to the receiver.
Organizational barriers
It is raised from the organizational goals, regulations, structure and
culture.
a. Poor planning: – it refers to the designing, encoding, channel
selection and conflicting signals in the organization.
b. Structure complexities:- difficult organizational structure barrier for
free flow of information. Appropriate communication process must be
used.
c. Status differences: – it creates barrier for communication. Superior
provides information to the subordinate about plans and policies.
Different information is provided by different subordinates who create
barrier in communication.
d. Organizational distance:- distance between sender and receiver
also creates barriers to effective communication.
e. Information overload: – if superior provides too much information
to the subordinate in short period receiver suffers from information
overload which creates barriers to effective communication.
f. Timing: – communication can be obstructed if not done on time. If
the information is not provided in time it creates barriers to effective
communication.
Psychological barriers
It is the barriers to effective communication created from the
lack of interest of the people from whom the communication is
meant. People do not pay attention to the communication
which are not interesting to them and which do not fulfill their
want.
a. Perception: – it is the process of accepting and
interpreting the information by the receiver. People receive
things differently for a various number of reasons.
b. Filtering: – communication some time filters the negative
information to make it more favorable to the receiver. In this
process, knowingly or unknowingly some valuable information
may be disposed.
c. Distrust: – superior provides information or message to
the subordinates to their own view, ideas and opinion which
create obstruction in communication.
d. Emotions: – emotion like anger,mistrust,jealousy
etc.
e. Viewpoint: – it also creates barriers to
effective communication. It the receiver doesn’t clear
the message and ignore without hearing, the message
may create obstructions.
f. Defensiveness: – if the receiver receives the
message as threat and interprets that message in the
same way, it creates barriers to effective
communication.
Overcome the Communication
Barriers in Business
 Developing flat organization structure: In modern
time, organizations prefer flat structure to tall one. Flat
structure has fewer heretical levels that reduce
communication gap between superiors and
subordinates.
 Specifying objective of communication: In order to
overcome the problem of ambiguity, communicator
should specify the objective of communication. This will
help him to arrange the message concisely and clearly.
 Clear-cut message: Top executives should send clear
orders, instructions, policies, procedures and directions
so that misunderstanding and confusion do not arise.
This will enhance the effectiveness of communication
 Using simple language: Language creates numerous
communication problems in organization. Employees in the
organization are neither equally educated nor trained. Therefore,
the communication should use simple and common words. At the
same time, they should avoid technical jargons so that everyone
can understand it.
 Selecting proper media: Appropriate media should be used for
effective communication. Management should decide when to use
oral medium and when to use written medium. While selecting
media, management must consider the nature of the message, its
importance and complexity.
 Encouraging feedback: Managers should encourage feedback
from subordinates to attain the objective of communication. This will
help the manager to know the reaction of subordinates and to take
proper action.
 Providing communication training: Organizations can
provide training to enhance communication skills of their
employees. In this regard, organizations can arrange
seminars, or institutional training programs.
 Creating congenial labor management relationship: Harmonious
relationship between labors and management is essential for
successful communication. Relationship between them affects the
level of importance one party gives on the message of other.
Therefore, management and labor should cooperate with each
other to create a favorable communication climate.
 Using modern communication technologies: In order to facilitate
speedy and regular communication, organizations need to use
modern communication devices.
 Encouraging informal communication: To make formal
communication effective, organizations can arrange informal
channels. This will obviously promote good relationship among the
participants in the organization.
 Unbiased attitude of management: Management should be free
from political, regional and religious biasness. Their neutral attitude
will bring a fair environment of communication in the organization.
 A Gossip is one who talks to you about others. A bore is a
one who talks to you about himself. A brilliant
conversationalist is one who talks to you about yourself.
 CONVERSATION • Conversation is an informal talk in which
people exchange views, feelings and thoughts.Conversation
in general is spontaneous, friendly and casual.
 Social conversation, also known as chit-chat or small talk
attempts to establish a sociable atmosphere.
 • At a tea-party or social gathering, the conversation
reveals feelings of togetherness, rather than communicating
ideas or any specific meaning.
 • Words are used in symbolic ways as verbal social
gestures. This social use of words is known as phatic
communion.
 Examples • It was a pleasure meeting you. • Do come
again. • How is your family?
 Effective Conversation-Features
• It takes place face- to- face and the participants can
see and hear each other at the same time.
 • It is sensitive and flexible in that it can change quickly
according to the participant’s reactions.
Conversation control
 It refers to the skills of listening and talking in a positive
and meaningful way at an appropriate time.
 • Conversation control helps participants conclude their
conversation effectively and satisfactorily with mutual
understanding and agreement.
Applications of Conversation Control
skills in Business
 Selling and buying
 Negotiating
 Interviewing
 Participating in meetings
 Disagreeing without being rude
 Protesting without offending
 Complimentary/ praising
 Responding to personal criticism
Techniques of Conversation control
 Recognizing cues and clues
 Interpreting signs and symbols
 Avoiding parallel conversation
 Practicing sequential conversation
 Using reflection and empathy
 Cultivate a sense of timing
Reflection
And
Empathy
Reflection
What is Reflecting?
Reflecting is the process of paraphrasing and restating
both the feelings and words of the speaker.
The purposes of reflecting are:
 To allow the speaker to 'hear' their own thoughts and
to focus on what they say and feel.
 To show the speaker that you are trying to perceive
the world as they see it and that you are doing your
best to understand their messages.
 To encourage them to continue talking.

 Reflecting does not involve you asking questions,

introducing a new topic or leading the conversation in
another direction.
Two Main Techniques of Reflecting:

Mirroring
Mirroring is a simple form of reflecting and involves repeating almost exactly
what the speaker says.
Mirroring should be short and simple. It is usually enough to just repeat key
words or the last few words spoken. This shows you are trying to
understand the speakers terms of reference and acts as a prompt for him
or her to continue. Be aware not to over mirror as this can become irritating
and therefore a distraction from the message.
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing involves using other words to reflect what the speaker has
said. Paraphrasing shows not only that you are listening, but that you are
attempting to understand what the speaker is saying.
It is often the case that people 'hear what they expect to hear' due to
assumptions, stereotyping or prejudices. When paraphrasing, it is of
utmost importance that you do not introduce your own ideas or question the
speakers thoughts, feelings or actions. Your responses should be non-
directive and non-judgemental.
Guidelines for Reflecting

 Be natural.
 Listen for the basic message - consider the content, feeling
and meaning expressed by the speaker.
 Restate what you have been told in simple terms.
 When restating, look for non-verbal as well as verbal cues
that confirm the accuracy of your paraphrasing.
 Do not question the speaker unnecessarily.
 Do not add to the speaker's meaning.
 Do not take the speaker's topic in a new direction.
 Always be non-directive and non-judgemental.
Empathy
 Empathy is understanding another person's situation
and relating to his emotions. . Empathetic values
show you are considering not just business objectives
but the needs and desires of employees and clients.
Business communication empathy is developed by
exercising general interpersonal communication
skills.
 Step 1 Smile and refer to people by name. This
makes you approachable to others who will more
readily share ideas, concerns and feedback.
 Step 2 Take time to listen to customers, employees,
managers and shareholders. Offer surveys,
questionnaires and suggestion boxes as well as
open the floor to new ideas or concerns during staff
meetings. Listen to what a person says and notice
what his body language says as well. Most of what
we communicate is in body language.
 Step 3 Withhold any judgment when listening to ideas that diverge
from your point of view. You can not understand another person's
point of view if you are judging it. Quietly consider all points then
later take counsel with those you trust to determine what has merit
and where thoughts and ideas can converge.
 Step 4 Ask questions and develop relationships with managers, staff
and clients. While you won't become best friends with everyone, you
should know the basics about those you communicate with to
understand driving factors such as family, financial goals or
volunteer efforts. You may find you have more in common than
originally imagined making empathy much more natural and easy to
achieve.
 Step 5 Give praise freely. Let employees know they did a good job
. These may not seem like much, but people feel more connected
when they feel noticed.
 Cross-cultural communication is a field of study
that looks at how people from differing cultural
backgrounds communicate, in similar and
different ways among themselves, and how they
endeavour to communicate across cultures.
 Understanding cross-cultural communication is
important for any company that has a diverse
workforce or plans on conducting global business.
 This type of communication involves an
understanding of how people from different
cultures speak, communicate and perceive the
world around them.
 Cross –cultural communication has become
strategically important to companies due to the
growth of global business, technology and the
internet
 Cross-cultural communication in an organization
deals with understanding different business
customs, beliefs and communication strategies.
 Language differences, high-context vs. low-
context cultures, nonverbal differences and power
distance are major factors that can affect cross-
cultural communication.
High and Low-Context Culture

 The concept of high- and low-context culture relates to

how an employee's thoughts, opinions, feelings and
upbringing affect how they act within a given culture. North
America and Western Europe are generally considered to
have low-context cultures. This means that businesses in
these places have direct, individualistic employees who tend
to base decisions on facts.
 High-context cultures are the opposite in that trust is the
most important part of business dealings. There are areas in
the Middle East, Asia and Africa that can be considered high
context. Organizations that have high-context cultures are
collectivist and focus on interpersonal relationships.
Individuals from high-context cultures might be interested in
getting to know the person they are conducting business with
in order to get a gut feeling on decision making. They may
also be more concerned about business teams and group
success rather than individual achievement.
Nonverbal Differences

 Gestures and eye contact are two areas of nonverbal

communication that are utilized differently across cultures.
 Companies must train employees in the correct way to handle
nonverbal communication as to not offend other cultures.
 For example, American workers tend to wave their hand and use a
finger to point when giving nonverbal direction. Extreme gesturing is
considered rude in some cultures. While pointing may be
considered appropriate in some contexts
 In Japan never use a finger to point towards another person
because that gesture is considered rude in Japan. Instead, he might
gesture with an open hand, with his palm facing up, toward the
person.
 Eye contact is another form of nonverbal communication.
 In the U.S., eye contact is a good thing and is seen as a reflection
of honesty and straightforwardness.
 However, in some Asian and Middle Eastern cultures, prolonged
eye contact can be seen as rude or aggressive in many situations.
Language Differences

 The biggest issue dealing with cross-cultural

communication is the difficulty created by language
barriers.
 Additionally, companies that have to deal with
cross-cultural communication can hire employees
with proficiency in other languages. Fortunately for
some companies , they had excellent translators who
communicated their words.
Power distance
 Power distance is a way to explain the handling
of differences between groups existing in a system.
It reflects a culture’s attitude towards human inequality. In
business, it defines itself through a manager subordinate
relationship.
 Where low power distance is present, managers and
subordinates have egalitarian relationships with access to
near equal levels of power. Dutch organizations are known
world wide for having very low power distance
 India’s culture prefers high power distance inside its
hierarchical organizations where the boss makes decisions
and decides who will deliver
 The US has mild power distance inside its society
Communication and Technology
 Over the years communication and technology have
evolved at a rapid pace, and they seem to evolve
consistently together.
 The business world has seen incredible productive
advancements due to communication and
technology.
Use of technology
 Use of technology has become indispensible for managers
for work in competitive environment.• Following are few of
mainly used technologies for managers.
 • Electronic Mail
 • Voicemail Communication
 • Cell Phone Communication
 • Teleconference
 • Videoconference
 • Instance Messaging
 • World Wide Web
 • Microsoft Office
Uses of technology in communication to
a business
 Easy Product launch
 Product or service surveys
 Social interaction with consumers
 Video conferencing
 Use of digital networks
The Advantages of Technology in
Business Communication
 Financial Savings
 Expediency
 Specialized Employment