TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

AND IP ADDRESSING
 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

TCP/IP which stands for Transmission Protocol Suite

and Internet Protocol.
• They may have seen in Wireless Network
connection or Local Area Connection.
 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

TCP/IP is conceptualized in the layers that those made

of computer code.
• Application Layer which is what programs like your
web browser directly interact, this layer has a
protocol like Http.
• Transport layer where TCP along with another
schema called UDP a bit faster and useful for low
latency application, like online games.
 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

After the Application Layer gets the data from you’re

using it talks to the Transport Layer called a something
port.
Each port can be assigned to a different protocol in
the Application layer so that TCP knows where the
data is coming from.
 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

For ex: the most activity on your web browser will go

to port 80 which what Http always uses.
once the TCP gets the data it chops it up called
Packets, so that they can be disposed in the nearby
where they can be individually take the quickest route
over the internet to get whatever it is they’re going.
 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

• To make sure that the receiving computer can put

the packets back together properly, TCP has a
header on to each packet that contains instructions
on what order to reassemble the packets as well as
error checking information.
 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

packets push onto Internet Layer which uses the

internet protocol or IP to attach both the origin and
destination IP addresses, the is then sent through the
final Network Layer that handles Mac adressing so the
packets go the right pyhsical machine.
 IP ADDRESSING
• For computers to communicate with each other
through a network it is necessary to be able to
identify specific computers over a network.
• An example of an IP address is
195.195.92.161
this translates to
11000011.11000011.01011100.10100001 in binary.
 IP ADDRESSING

• These numbers may look complicated but when

explained they are very simple

• The use of IP addressing is no different to the use of

a phone number.

• Phone numbers are used as a way of

communicating with specific people. Phone
numbers use both and area code and identifier.
 IP ADDRESSING

• Ip addressing uses a similar method of identification.

It uses a network number and an identifier number.

• For example if we have 3 separate networks all with

5 computers. There would be 3 network different
network address's .
• 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 etc...
 IP ADDRESSING

• IP addresses are in total 32 bits long.

11000011110000110101110010100001

• Each string of 32 bits is then split into 4 equal parts of

8 bits
11000011.11000011.01011100.10100001
 IP ADDRESSING

• These four strings of 8 bits are then converted into

decimal numbers for ease of human use.
195.195.92.161
• This IP address would then be split up into two parts,
one is used to identify the network and one is then
used to identify a computer hosted on that
network.
 IP ADDRESSING

• The part of the IP address used to identify varies

depending on the CLASS.
• There are 5 classes of IP address, A,B,C,D and E.
• A, B, and C are used for assigning IP addresses
• Classes D and E are reserved for special use.
• D is used for multicasting
• E is reserved for experimentation
• A, B and C are the we'll be looking at.
 IP ADDRESSING

• Now the difference between these three types of IP

address is how it is split between network and host.

• Class A addresses use the first part of the IP address

only when identifying a network.
• XXXXXXXX.ZZZZZZZZ.ZZZZZZZZ.ZZZZZZZZ
 IP ADDRESSING

• X = Network part
• Z= Host part
• In the network part of a class A address the leading
bit is a 0 allowing the last 7 bits to be used as
network identifiers. This allows Class A to have 2^7
networks (128)
 IP ADDRESSING

• Class B addresses use the first part of the IP address

only when identifying a network.
XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.ZZZZZZZZ.ZZZZZZZZ
• X = Network part
• Z= Host part
• In the network part of a class A address the leading
bits are 10 allowing the last 14 bits to be used as
network identifiers. This allows Class A to have 2^14
networks (16,384)
 IP ADDRESSING

• Class C addresses use the first part of the IP address

only when identifying a network.
XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.ZZZZZZZZ
• X = Network part
• Z= Host part
• In the network part of a class A address the leading
bits are 110 allowing the last 21 bits to be used as
network identifiers. This allows Class A to have 2^21
networks (2,097,152)
END