Chemical Process

Industries
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
Chemical Process Industries Description
This course serves as an introduction to the practice of chemical engineering.
Specifically, it deals with the unit processes and operations involved in selected
chemical industries.

A survey of the different chemical process industries - their raw materials,

processes, and products. Specifically, it deals with the unit processes and
operations involved in selected chemical industries.
Chemical Engineer
The chemical engineer conceptualizes, develops, designs, improves and applies
safe, healthy, ethical and economic ways of utilizing materials and energy in
unit processes and operations for the benefit of society and environment
through the application of chemical engineering subjects and the knowledge of
natural and physical science, mathematics, information technology and other
general education subjects.

-IRR of RA 9297 (“The Chemical Engineering Law of 2004)

 Scope of Practice of Chemical Engineering Service
1. Consultation requiring chemical engineering knowledge, skill and proficiency;
2. Investigation;
3. Estimation and (or) valuation;
4. Planning;
5. Preparation of feasibility studies;
6. Designing;
7. Preparation of specifications;
8. Supervision of installation;
9. Operation, including quality management; but excluding chemical analysis and operation of the chemical laboratory;
10. Research and development
11. Teaching and Reviewing
-IRR of RA 9297 (“The Chemical Engineering Law of 2004)
Course Objectives
1. Understand the fundamental operations and processes involved in the
different chemical and manufacturing industries.
2. Learn the processing of raw materials into usable and profitable products
3. Integrate chemical engineering concepts in the solution of real industrial
problems
Content
I. Introduction to Chemical Processing
1. Unit operations and Processes
2. Types of Unit operations and processes in the chemical process industries
3. Role of chemical engineer in a processing plant
4. Fundamentals of chemical processing
Unit Operations and Unit Processes
Unit Processes – involve chemical change
Unit Operations – involve physical change
Chemical Process – consists of simultaneous or independent unit processes and
operations that are carried in suitable equipment under the guidance of skilled
labor supervised by chemical engineers
Chemical Engineering = unit processes + unit operations
 Role of Chemical Engineer in a Processing Plant
Chemical engineers translate processes developed in the lab into practical applications for the
commercial production of products and then work to maintain and improve those processes.
The main role of chemical engineers is to design and troubleshoot processes for the production
of chemicals, fuels, foods, pharmaceuticals, and biologicals, just to name a few.
Some of the typical tasks of a Chemical Engineer are:

Ensuring compliance with health, safety, and environmental regulations

Conducting research to improved manufacturing processes
Designing and planning equipment layout
Incorporating safety procedures for working with dangerous chemicals
Monitoring and optimizing the performance of production processes
Estimating production costs
General Fundamentals in the Operation
of a Chemical Plant
 Materials of Construction
 Process Instrumentation
a. Instantaneous data
b. Continuous records
c. Automation or automatic control
 Chemical Control
a. analysis of incoming raw materials
b. analysis of reaction products during manufacturing
c. analysis of the outgoing finished products
 Containers
Safety and Fire Protection
General Fundamentals in the Operation
of a Chemical Plant
 Patents
a. Invention is the act of finding something that is new
b. Patent is a grant of exclusive right to the inventor to his invention for a limited period of
time
c. To produce a marketable product a new idea in the form of an invention must be
developed and embodied in a form suitable for manufacture, and appropriate tools must
be available so that the product can be manufactured at a cost acceptable to the public

 Waste Disposal
 Growth and Statistics
General Fundamentals in the Operation
of a Chemical Plant
 Research
Result and Benefits of Research
a. New and improved processes
b. Lower costs and lower prices of products
c. New services and new products never before known
d. Change of rarities to commercial supplies of practical usefulness
e. Adequate supply of chemicals previously obtained only as by-products
f. Freedom from monopoly control
g. Stabilization of business and of industrial employment
h. Products of greater purity
i. Products of superior service
j. New medicines and. other new health aids
k. More efficient use of raw materials
l. More efficient by-product recovery
Miscellaneous Aspect
 Plant Location
 Competing Processes
 Labor
 Sales
 Pilot Plants
 Library
Activity
Identify which of the following processes can be considered as a Unit Process and Unit
Operation:

Process Process Process Process Process

Combustion Sedimentation Humidification Electrolysis Isomerization
Ion exchange Fermentation Cooling Adsorption Halogenation
Filtration Alkylation Evaporation Distillation Drying
Materials Pyrolysis Esterification Crystallization Crushing
handling