Synchronous Machines

)‫(اآلالت التزامنية‬

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REFERENCES

1- V.K Mehta, Rohit Mehta “Principles of Electrical Machines, First Edition”, S. Chand
& Company Limited, 2002. (Chapters 10&11)

2- B.L. Theraja, A.K. Theraja, “Electrical Technology, Twenty-third Edition”, McGraw-

Hill, 2005.(Volume II (AC & DC Machines, Chapters 37 & 38)

3- Stephen J. Chapman, “Electric Machinery Fundamentals, Fifth Edition”, McGraw-

Hill, 2012. (Chapters 4&5)

4- E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley, Jr. and Stephen D. Umans, “Electric Machinery,

Sixth Edition”, McGraw-Hill, 2003. (Chapter 5)

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 Synchronous Machines
This chapter includes forty one topics, which are:

Synchronous Generators

1. Introduction
2. Types Of Synchronous Machines
3. Construction of Alternator
4. Speed and Frequency
5. Alternator Operation
6. E.M.F. Equation of an Alternator
7. Armature Reaction in Alternator
8. Equivalent Circuit of Cylindrical-Rotor Machines
9. Phasor Diagrams of Unsaturated Cylindrical-Rotor Type
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10. Synchronous Machine Characteristics
10.1 Open Circuit Characteristic (O.C.C)
10.2 Short Circuit Characteristic (S.C.C)
10.3 Zero-Power-Factor Characteristic (Z.P.F.C)
11. Voltage Regulation
11.1 The Synchronous Impedance Method
11.2 Rothert’s M.M.F or Ampere Turn Method
11.3 Zero Power Factor Method (Potier Method)
12. Operation of a Salient Pole Synchronous Machine
13. Effect of Salient Poles
14. Two-Reactance Concept for Salient-Pole Machines
15. Power and Torque in Cylindrical-Rotor Machines
16. Power and Torque in Salient-Pole Machines
17. Power angle characteristic

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18. Parallel Operation of Alternators
18.1 Advantages of Parallel Operation of Alternators
18.2 Conditions for Paralleling Alternator with Infinite Busbars
18.3 Methods of Synchronization
19. Synchronizing Action
(i) Effect of speed change
(ii) Effect of inequality of e.m.f.s.
20. Synchronizing Power and Torque of Synchronous Machines
21. Effect of Load on Synchronizing Power
22. Sharing of Load Currents by Two Alternators in Parallel
23. Alternator on Infinite Busbars (Distribution of Load)
(a) Effect of Change in Excitation
(b) Effect of Change in Steam Supply

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 Synchronous Motors

24. Introduction
25. Construction
26. Operating Principle
27. Making Synchronous Motor Self-Starting
28. Equivalent Circuit
29. Motor on Load
30. Pull-Out Torque
31. Motor Phasor Diagram
32. Effect of Changing Field Excitation at Constant Load
33. Phasor Diagrams With Different Excitations
34. Power Relations
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35. Motor Torque
36. Mechanical Power Developed By Motor
37. Power Factor of Synchronous Motors
38. Synchronous Condenser
39. Applications of Synchronous Motors
40. Steady-State Operating Characteristics
40.1 Load Characteristics
40.2 Field Compounding Characteristics
40.3 V-Curves of Synchronous Motor
41. Comparison of Synchronous and Induction Motors