IESCO

January 07, 2011

 Description of Work System Modeling &
System Planning Process
 Data collection
 Analysis of existing system
 Develop projected loading
 Analysis of existing system with projected loading added
 Determine possible solutions to problems found
 Analyze solutions from an economic standpoint
 Use economics and reliability to determine best solution
 Develop funds to complete projects in work plan
 Prioritize projects on economics and reliability
 Data Collection

 Substation Data for 132 kV and 11 kV

– Transformer Size and Nameplate Impedance
– Loading kW and kVAR for Substation and Feeders
– Number of Feeders
– Protective devices
– Log Sheet Data
 Line Data for 11 kV
– Type of Construction
– Conductor type
– Lengths and location ( Using GIS , AutoCAD Technology)
 Pilot Projects Discussed to Date
 Focused on Technical Loss Reduction
– Shorten HT feeders by adding more grid substations
– Improve power factor of distribution feeders
– Reduction of LT/HT ratio
– High efficiency distribution transformers
– Introduce 33kV as distribution voltage for rural electrification or
sub-transmission in urban systems
 Pilot Projects Discussed to Date
 Focused on Improved System Management
– Insulated LT lines to deter power theft
– Voltage control for difficult loads (steel mills)
– Advanced metering to remove meter reader from commercial equation
– Segregation of industrial feeders to allow selective load shedding
– SCADA to allow real time monitoring of loads
– Coincident Peak metering at delivery points
– Master metering of transformers to locate losses
 System Wide Impacts of Some Improvements
(Cont’d)
 Power Factor Improvement
– Feeder power factor typically 90%
– Improvement to 95% reduces losses by 1%
– Reduced purchase power cost of Rs 5 billion/yr
 Reduce LT/HT ratio
– LT/HT ratio varies from 0.6 to 1.36 and averages
0.75
– Reduction to an average of 0.6 gives savings of
approximately Rs 2.0 billion/yr
 Potential Pilot Projects
 Technical Loss Reduction
– Shorten 11 kV feeders – proposing new substations
– Improve power factor of distribution feeders
– Reduction of LT/HT ratio
– High efficiency distribution transformers
– Introduce single phase distribution system
– Introduce 33kV as distribution voltage for rural electrification or
sub-transmission in urban systems
 Potential Pilot Projects (cont)

 Distribution System Management

– Insulated LT lines to deter power theft
– Voltage control for difficult loads (steel mills)
– Advanced metering
– Segregation of industrial feeders to allow
selective load shedding
– SCADA to allow real time monitoring & system
control
– Improved energy and PF metering at common
delivery points and grid substations
– Master metering of transformers to locate losses
 System Wide Impact of Some Improvements
(Cont’d)
 High Efficiency Distribution Transformers
– DISCOS add 800,000 consumers and 22,000 distribution
transformers per year
– Standard distribution transformers average 2.5% loss while
high efficiency units average 1% loss
– Use of high efficiency units on all new installations reduces
power cost by Rs 400 million in first year and Rs 2.5 billion in
year five
 Data Collection (continued)

 Device Data for 11 kV

– Type of Devce (Capacitor, Recloser, etc)
– Location of Device
– Device Settings
 Consumer Data (Existing and Projected)
– Type of Consumer (Domestic, Small Industry, etc.)
– Location of Consumer
– Load Information (kWh usage, kW demand, Transformer
size)
 Analysis of Existing System

 Establish the base model of the System (Using GIS,

AutoCAD & WindMil)
– Examines existing system with existing loads (from Power
flow analysis)
 Allocate loading to match measured peaks by
Substation or Feeder
 Identify Problem Areas
– Low Voltage
– Heavy Loaded Lines
– Overloaded or Heavily Loaded Transformers
– High Losses
 Identifying Problem Areas

 Items to Check

Capacity Adequate
132:11 kV Substations
11 kV Power Lines

Voltage Levels Adequate

132:11 kV Substations
11 kV Power Lines
Identification Problem Areas--- things to look for

 Load Flow Study:

• Voltage drop > 5%

• Conductor loaded to > 50% capacity

• Distribution transformers loaded to > 100% capacity

• Power factor below 90% lagging

 Determine Possible Solutions

 Balance Load on feeders

 Change Feeds
 Add Capacitors
 Add Tie Lines 11 kV
 Build New Substations
Sample Voltage Drop Analysis –Existing System
Transformer Loss
Peak Line
Length
Demand Loss No-Load
km Load Loss kW
kW kW kW

30.1 4728 320.85 29.06 75.09

Sample Voltage Drop Analysis –Conductor Replacement
 Sample Findings
Peak Transformer Loss
Urban or Length Line
Feeder Name Demand Load Loss
Rural km Loss kW No-Load
kW kW kW
Feeder 1 U 8.3 5,487 56.4 22.3 95.9
Feeder 2 U 8.4 5,944 32.1 30.9 69.3
Feeder 3 U 5.3 6,097 101.6 20.8 125.1
Feeder 4 U 5.2 5,182 92.0 23.8 87.3
Feeder 5 U 6.4 3,810 31.1 29.1 37.1
Feeder 6 U 11.0 5,639 51.9 17.3 136.2
Feeder 7 U 8.5 5,487 60.3 27.4 80.8
Feeder 8 U 9.7 5,792 32.8 27.2 106.7
Feeder 9 U 8.1 5,487 123.7 30.6 79.3
Feeder 10 U 10.8 5,182 102.7 29.9 78.2
Feeder 11 U 9.9 5,639 56.6 66.7 37.5
Feeder 12 U 6.4 5,944 114.1 31.4 75.2
Feeder 13 R 92.3 5,182 431.3 48.5 55.4
Feeder 14 R 8.4 5,792 29.9 40.7 73.3