GLOBALIZATION AND

COMPETITIVENESS

SANDRA CHICAS SIERRA

MAGISTER IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE

WHAT IS A PATENT?
 According top the WIPO (World Intellectual
Property Organization) a patent is an exclusive
right granted by the governement to an invention,
this means, a product or procedure that leads to
a new way of doing sometihng or a new technical
solution to a problem.

 Patented inventions must meet three

characteristics: novel, useful and not obvious.
WHAT IS A PATENT?
 Novel. The novelty requirement is straightforward:
Your invention must be new. Inventions that
already exist cannot be patented. This gets a little
tricky, because you can patent new uses for existing
products.

This frequently happens when a new use is discovered

for an old pharmaceutical drug, where new testing
shows the drug to effectively treat a completely
unrelated disease.
WHAT IS A PATENT?
 Useful. The usefulness requirement is two-fold:
That your invention has a useful purpose and
that it must actually perform its intended
purpose.

Along with good feelings or whatever other benefit

you wish to claim, the invention must also work in
order to be useful. If the patent office thinks your
invention might not work, they may ask you to
prove that it does.
WHAT IS A PATENT?
 Not obvious. The “not obvious” requirement
means that an inventive step is required. Your
invention has to be different enough from what is
already out there in the field in order to be
patentable.

 In addition, you cannot patent the laws of nature,

physical phenomena, and abstract ideas. Things
like Isaac Newton’s theory of universal
gravitation or Albert Einstein’s theory of general
relativity are not patentable.
HOW DOES A PATENT WORK?
 A patent provides protection to the creator of the
invention for at least 20 years.

What type of protection does a patent offers?

 The protection means that the patent can´t be used,

distributed, or saled without the owner´s consent.
WHY ARE PATENTS IMPORTANT AND NECESSARY?
 Patents are incentives to people, since it offers
recognition for their creativity and material rewards
for their comerciable inventions.

 These incentives encourage INNOVATION which

guarantee the constant improvement of the human life
quality.
TOP 10 COUNTRIES PATENT APPLICANTS

Source: WIPO
TOP 10 COUNTRIES PATENT APPLICANTS

Source: WIPO

The US and Japan still account for

most patents filed abroad
 PATENTS IN COLOMBIA

Solicitudes de patentes en 2015

llegaron a 3.177, 8,2% más que 2014
http://www.larepublica.co/solicitudes-de-patentes-en-2015-llegaron-3177-82-
m%C3%A1s-que-2014_340496
TRADEMARK
 Distinctive design, graphics, logo, symbols,
words, or any combination thereof that uniquely
identifies a firm and/or its goods or services,
guarantees the item's genuineness, and gives it
owner the legal rights to prevent the trademark's
unauthorized use

 Trademarks offer protection for 10 years

Source: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/trademark.html
COLOMBIAN TRADEMARKS

Bancolombia El Corral

Cementos Argos Kokoriko

Arturo Calle Sandwich Qbano

Creppes and Waffles Juan Valdez

Leonisa

Nutresa

Alpina
COPYRIGHTS

 A copyright protects original works of authorship

including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic
works, such as poetry, novels, movies, songs,
computer software, and architecture.

 The duration of copyright protection lasts for the

life of the author, plus 70 years.