Engineering Graphics

Development of surfaces

Department of Mechanical Engineering

SRM IST
 Development of surfaces
• Process of unfold/ unrolled of the surfaces of
a 3D object and laid on a flat surface is called
development of surface
 Practical Applications
• Development of surfaces finds application in
the sheet metal work for making hoppers,
funnels, various ducts, chimneys, ventilation
pipes, machine-tools guards, boilers and, etc.

• It is also extensively used in major industries

like ship building, automobile and aeroplane
building
Hoppers Funnels

Various ducts
Chimneys
Ventilation pipes

Machine-tools guards
Boilers
Ship building

Automobile
Aeroplane building
 Methods of development of surfaces
• Parallel line development
• Radial line development
• Triangulation development
• Approximate development
 Parallel line development
• In this method parallel lines are used to
construct the expanded pattern of each 3D
shapes.
• The method divides the surface into a series
of parallel lines to determine the shape of a
pattern.
• Example :Prism, cylinder
 Radial line development
• In this method an arc is drawn with the radius
equal to the true length of the slant edge of a
pyramid or the generator of a cone, to get the
development of the surface
• Example : Pyramids and Cone.
 Triangulation development
• Triangulation development are made from
polyhedrons, single-curved surfaces and
Wrapped surfaces.
• Example: Tetrahedron and other polyhedrons.
Triangulation development
 Approximate development
• In approximation development, the shape
obtained is only approximate. After joining,
the part is stretched or distorted to obtain the
final shape.
• Example Sphere
• A computer CPU enclosure was made up of
sheet metal. It resembles a rectangular prism
of base 60mm x 40mm and height of
80mm.Having the longer edge of the base
parallel to the VP. Draw development of lateral
surfaces taking suitable scale.
 VP
a'(d’) b'(c’)

p' (s’) q'(r’)

c
X Y
d (s) c(r)
HP
b
d
a
r
a(p) b(q)
s q

p
 a d

a'(d’) a b c d a
b'(c’)

p' (s’) q'(r’)

X p q r s p Y
d (s) c(r)

p s
a(p) b(q)
• Draw the complete development of a
pentagonal prism of base side 30mm and
height 50mm, It rests on H.P such that one of
its base edge is parallel to V.P.
 50 mm

X 30 mm Y
• Draw the development of lateral surfaces of a
cone base diameter 50mm and height 50mm.
 o

a' b‘ h’ c’ g’ d’ f’ e'
X Y
g
h f

a o e

b d
c
50
• Subtended angle θ = r X 360°
R
Where r = base circle radius in mm
R = Slant height of generator in mm

= 25 X 360°
56
= 160.7 °
 o

160.7

a
a
h
b
c g
d e f
a' b‘ h’ c’ g’ d’ f’ e' Y
g
h f

a o e

b d
c
50
 A hexagonal prism of base 30
mm and axis length 80mm is
resting with its base on HP and
one of its side is parallel to VP.
It is cut by a plain inclined 45°
to HP and perpendicular to VP
the plain bisecting the vertical
axis of the prism.
 f a (e) (d) b c e d

f c

b
a
t s

u r

u (t) p (s) q r p q
X Y
(t) e d (s)

(u) f c (r)

a (p) b (q)
 f a (e) (d) b c e d

f c

b
a
t s

u r

u (t) p (s) q r p q
X Y
(t) e d (s)

(u) f c (r)

a (p) b (q)
 f a (e) b (d) c f a b c d e f

4 4
3 (5) 3 5

2 (6) 6
1 2
1 1

u (t) p (s) q r
X u p q r s t u
Y
(t) e d(s)

(u)f c(r)

a (p) b (q)
• A hexagonal pyramid of side 30mm and
altitude 70mm is resting on HP on its base
with two of the base side perpendicular to VP.
The pyramid is cut by a plane inclined at 30° to
HP and perpendicular to VP and meets the
axis at a distance of 30mm from the vertex.
Draw the development of the remaining
portion of the pyramid.
Reg No TOPIC

From RA1411003010212 Development of Lateral surfaces of pentagonal

To RA1411003010221 pyramid of base side 50mm and height 120mm
From RA1411003010222 Development of Lateral surfaces of pentagonal
To RA1411003010231 prism of base side 50mm and height 120mm
From RA1411003010232 Development of Lateral surfaces of hexagonal
To RA1411003010241 pyramid of base side 50mm and height 120mm
From RA1411003010242 Development of Lateral surfaces of hexagonal
To RA1411003010251 prism of base side 50mm and height 120mm
From RA1411003010252 Development of Lateral surfaces of square
To RA1411003010261 pyramid of base side 50mm and height 120mm
From RA1411003010262 Development of Lateral surfaces of square prism
To RA1411003010271 of base side 50mm and height 120mm
From RA1411003010272 Development of Lateral surfaces of cone of base
To RA1411003010281 diameter 50mm and height 120mm