Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton’s Laws of
Motion
General Physics for Engineers
PHYS101
Force
• Described as either push or pull that can cause a mass (body) to accelerate (cause
of motion)
• A vector quantity that is the product of mass (m) & acceleration (a).
𝐹Ԧ = 𝑚𝑎Ԧ
• In MKS it is in unit : Newtons (N) , 1 N = 1 kg-m/s2
• In CGS it is in unit : dynes , 1 dyne = 1 g-cm/s2
• In English Units : Pound (₤ or lbs) , Pound-force (lbf)
Force
CONVERSION :
COMPONENTS
1 dyne = 1x10-5 N = 10-5 N
1 lbs = 4.448 N
Fy = 5 N sin θ
F=5N
θ θ
Fx = 5 N cos θ
m = m
Kinds of Force
1. Force due to Gravity / Weight
• FGRAV = W = mg, where (for earth) : g = 9.8 m/s2 or 32 ft/s2
W = mg W = mg
θ
Weight is ALWAYS directed TOWARDS the earth, even if the surface is at an angle.
Weight is ALWAYS acting on the body
Weight being a force is a VECTOR. Mass is SCALAR.
It is possible to have zero weight , but mass is not zero. (i.e. objects in outer space)
Kinds of Force
2. Longitudinal Forces
Forces acting along the length of an object
T
T
Common in ropes, cables, solid cylinders
TENSION (T)
Length (L)
Pull Force on an object. Its end effect is to STRETCH an object.
C C
COMPRESSION (C)
Push Force on an object. Its end effect is to FLATEN an object.
Length (L)
Compression usually is due to normal forces between two objects in
contact
Kinds of Force
3. Contact Forces
Forces due to interaction between different
surfaces
m f fαN
FRICTIONAL FORCE / FRICTION (f)
Force that oppose motion of an object.
N W = mg f=μN
Always parallel to the contact surface & μ – Coefficient of Friction
directed opposite the motion of the object
NORMAL FORCE (Ŋ or N) μS – Coefficient of Static Friction
Reaction Force due to Weight of the μS = tan θf , (This θ MUST be the Angle of
object(s) in contact friction or repose)
Always Perpendicular to the contact f
surface μK – Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
θ
W = mg
Kinds of Force
3. Contact Forces F
Equations for Normal & Frictional Forces

θ
F
m N N
θ β
W = mg W = mg
W = mg
N = W = mg N = Wy = W cosθ N = Wy – Fy
f = μN = μmg N = mgcosθ N = mgcosβ – Fsinθ
f = μN = μmg cosθ f = μN
f = μ(mgcosβ – F sinθ)
Newton’s Laws of Motion
FIRST LAW : Law of Inertia
“A body acted by NO net force either stays motionless or moves, but with constant velocity
and zero acceleration” T
SECOND LAW : Law of Acceleration

m
“A body requires a net force to accelerate” “The acceleration is directly proportional to the
net force but inversely proportional to the body’s mass”
W = mg
“The direction of the net force is the same as the direction of the acceleration”
THIRD LAW : Law of Action – Reaction
m
“To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction, same in magnitude but
opposite in direction.”
W = mg
N
First Condition of Equilibrium
Equilibrium
- The effects of all forces acting on a single point on the body cancel one another.
- There is no change in motion
An object or body is at the state of Equilibrium, when :
(1)The body stays at rest, OR
(2)The body moves in a straight line but in constant or uniform velocity (No acceleration)
For Both :
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 & Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
Therefore : R = 0 or Fnet = 0
Free Body Diagram
Used to analyze forces acting on a body by isolating the body with all forces acting on it.
Steps
1.Draw the figure
A. Represent the object as a point mass
B. If it is a system (multiple objects), a certain point on it will be indicated for reference, use this
as the “point mass”.
2. Draw ALL forces ACTING ON the body from this point
Internal – Weight
External – Applied Force, Friction, Normal Force (Coming from Other Body in contact),
Tension (Always away from the body)
3. Don’t forget to show also the angle of the force (if angled).
Free Body Diagram (Strategies)
DON’T Draw Vectors GOING towards the point mass (even though it may show in the figure)
draw it away from the point mass, it does the same thing.
EXAMPLE 1 WRONG FBD CORRECT FBD
F
F
θ N
m f
θ f f
θ
N W = mg N
F
W = mg W = mg
Free Body Diagram(Strategies)
WRONG FBD * CORRECT FBD *
EXAMPLE 2
N
f f
f
θ
N
W = mg θ θ
W = mg W = mg
* Using the inclined surface as the x-axis

Free Body Diagram (Strategy)
PULLEYS & Weights Pulleys are analyzed as frictionless & of negligible weight.
For FCE : Tension of rope or cable passing through the pulley is
T=W T=W
equal to the weights HANGING from them.
T=W
T = W1
T = W1
θ
T=W
T = W1 T = W1
2 kg
2 kg
W = mg
W1 = mg
Free Body Diagram (Strategy)
Using the inclined surface as the x-axis (rotate of axis)
Must have at least 1 pair of perpendicular forces and 90° angle is visible.
45°
O
f
60°
θ
W = mg
ALLOWED since f & N are Perpendicular
1000 lbs
NOT ALLOWED :No perpendicular forces or angles with respect to

point O, thus not practical to use any inclined as x-axis.
Free Body Diagram
If a system consists of two or more objects. Multiple FBD’s may be required :
A
P=?
B
A
Free Body Diagram
1. A 5 kg block will start to slide down at
constant speed from a surface when it is
inclined at 40° with the horizontal.
Determine the Frictional force, Normal
40°
force and the coefficient of static friction.
Draw the FBD
Solution : Draw the forces acting on the body
N
f
40°
N
f
40° W = mg
W = mg
First Condition of Equilibrium (FCE)
Since we have perpendicular forces along the inclined (f & N) we can use the
inclined as our x-axis
Re-draw the FBD Draw the component vectors of angled vectors
N N
f f
Wx
40°
40°
W = mg W Wy
Friction and Normal force and μS 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0
N Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 → (+) Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ (+)
f − 𝑊𝑥 + 𝑓 = 0 + 𝑁 – 𝑊𝑦 = 0
Wx
40° 𝑓 = 𝑊𝑥 = 𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑁 = 𝑊𝑦 = 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Wy
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃
W
𝑓 = (5)(9.8)(sin 40°) 𝑁 = (5)(9.8)(cos 40°)
𝑓 = 31.5 𝑁 𝑁 = 37.54 𝑁
𝑓 = 𝜇𝑁 𝜇𝑆 = 𝑓/𝑁 = 31.5 𝑁 / 37.54 𝑁 𝜇𝑆 = 0.839
𝜇 = 𝑓/𝑁 𝑜𝑟 𝜇𝑆 = tan 𝜃𝑓 = tan 40° 𝜇𝑆 = 0.839
2. A woman at an airport is pulling a 15 kg suitcase (with wheels) at constant speed of 2 m/s by
pulling on the handle attached to the bag (this makes an angle θ above the horizontal). She
pulls with a 56 N force, and the frictional force is 20N. What is the angle “θ”, the normal force
& the coefficient of kinetic friction?
N
F = 56 N N F = 56 N Fy
f = 20 N
θ
θ f = 20 N
θ Fx
m = 15 kg
W = mg
f = 20 N W = mg
Solving for θ Normal force and μK
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0
N
Fy Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 → (+) Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ (+)
f = 20 N
θ
− 𝑓 + 𝐹𝑥 = 0 + 𝑁 + 𝐹𝑦 – 𝑊 = 0
Fx
𝑓 = 𝐹𝑥 𝑁 = 𝑊 – 𝐹𝑦
𝑓 = 𝐹 cos𝜃 𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 – 𝐹 sin 𝜃
20 𝑁 = 56 𝑁(cos 𝜃) 𝑁 = (15)(9.8) – (56)(sin 69.08°)
W = mg
𝜃 = 69.08° 𝑁 = 94.69 𝑁
𝑓 = 𝜇𝑁
𝑓
𝜇= 𝑓 20𝑁 𝜇𝐾 = 0.211
𝑁 𝜇𝐾 = =
𝑁 94.69𝑵
3. A wet shirt weighs 4 N. It is hanged to dry on a metal clothesline. The shirt is placed at the
very center of the length of the clothesline, and the angle formed with respect to the horizontal
due to the weight of the shirt on either side are equal. What are the tensions on each side of the
clothesline? 2 m θ
0.4 m
θ θ
0.4 m T1 T2 T1y T2y
θ θ θ θ tan θ = (0.4 m)/(1 m)

T1x T2x
θ = 21.8°
W=4N W=4N
1m
Solving for Tensions Fnet = 0
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 → (+) Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ (+)
T1y T2y − 𝑇1𝑥 + 𝑇2𝑥 = 0 + 𝑇1𝑦 + 𝑇2𝑦– 𝑊 = 0
θ θ 𝑇2𝑥 = 𝑇1𝑥 𝑇1 sin𝜃 + 𝑇2 sin𝜃 = 𝑊
T1x T2x 𝑇2cos𝜃 = 𝑇1cos𝜃 𝑇1 sin𝜃 + 𝑇1 sin𝜃 = 𝑊
𝑇2 = 𝑇 1
2(𝑇1 sin𝜃) = 𝑊
W=4N
𝑊
𝑇1 =
2sin𝜃
4𝑁
𝑇1 =
2 sin 21.8°
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝑵 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝑵
Q : What relates FCE to Newton’s
First Law of Motion (NFLM)?
A : FCE is an application of NFLM.

Where the object is and must be at
equilibrium.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
SECOND LAW
“A body requires a net force to accelerate”
“The acceleration is directly proportional to the net force
but inversely proportional to the body’s mass”
“The direction of the net force is the same as the direction
of the acceleration”
Body of mass “m” at rest on a frictionless surface Due to net force “Fnet” going to the left the object will accelerate
also to the left
a
Fnet = ma
Fnet
m m
If 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎
a
Possibilities :
F
m 𝑎) Σ𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 & Σ𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦
N W = mg 𝑏) Σ𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 & Σ𝐹𝒚 = 0

Purely Horizontal Movement
𝑐) Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 & Σ𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦

Purely Vertical Movement
Sample Problems :
1.A 5 kg block slides down a plane inclined at 40° to
the horizontal. Find the acceleration of the block
a)If the plane is frictionless
b)If the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20
40°
Solution : Draw the forces acting on the body
Draw the FBD
N
f
N
f 40°
40° W = mg
W = mg
Since we have perpendicular forces along the inclined (f & N) we can use the
inclined as our x-axis
Re-draw the FBD Draw the component vectors of angled vectors
N N
a a
f f
Wx
40°
40°
W = mg W Wy
Fnet = ma
N
a
f Σ𝐹𝑥 = max → (+) Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ (+)
Wx + 𝑁 – 𝑊𝑦 = 0
40° − 𝑊𝑥 + 𝑓 = − 𝑚𝑎
𝑚𝑎 = 𝑊𝑥 – 𝑓 𝑁 = 𝑊𝑦 = 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
W Wy
𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔 sin𝜃 – 𝑓 𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃
f=μN
𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔 sin𝜃 − 𝜇𝑁
𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔 sin𝜃 – 𝜇𝑚𝑔 cos𝜃
𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔 (sin 𝜃 – 𝜇 cos𝜃)
𝑎 = 𝑔 (sin 𝜃 – 𝜇 cos𝜃)
1. A 5 kg block slides down a plane inclined at 40° to the horizontal. Find the
acceleration of the block
a) If the plane is frictionless
b) If the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20
(a) a = ? If f = 0, hence μ = 0
𝑎 = 𝑔 [ (sin 40°) − 𝜇 ( cos 40°) ]
𝑎 = (9.8 𝑚/𝑠2) [ (sin 40°) − 0 ( cos 40°) ]
𝒂 = 𝟔. 𝟑 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
(b) a = ? If μ = 0.2
𝑎 = 𝑔 [ (sin 40°) − 𝜇 ( cos 40°) ]
𝑎 = (9.8 𝑚/𝑠2) [ (sin 40°) − 0.2 ( cos 40°) ]
𝒂 = 𝟒. 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
2. A car (2,000 kg) is traveling at 28.7 m/s when the driver locks the breaks to stop the
car. What will be the shortest distance ( from the point where the breaks were locked
up to the full stopping point), if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the tires and
pavement (road) is 0.8?
Using Kinematics Eq’n (3)
𝒗𝐹2 = 𝒗𝑂2 + 2𝑎𝑠

𝒗𝑂 = 28.7 𝑚/𝑠
𝒗𝐹2 − 𝒗𝑂2
a VF = 0 𝑠 =
2𝑎
s
pavement (road) is 0.8?
Using NSLM to determine the acceleration FBD :
N
N
a
a
f
W = mg
W = mg
pavement (road) is 0.8? Fnet = ma
N Σ𝐹𝑥 = max → (+) Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ (+)
a − 𝑓 = + 𝑚𝑎 +𝑁– 𝑊 = 0
f 𝑓 = 𝜇𝑁
𝑁 = 𝑊
– 𝜇𝑁 = +𝑚𝑎
𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔
– 𝜇𝑚𝑔 = +𝑚𝑎
– 𝜇𝑔 = +𝑎
W = mg
𝑎 = – 𝜇𝑔 = − (0.8)(9.8 𝑚/𝑠2) = − 7.84 𝑚/𝑠2
𝑎 = 7.84 𝑚/𝑠2, 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
pavement (road) is 0.8? Using Kinematics Eq’n (3)
𝑣𝐹2 = 𝑣𝑂2 + 2𝑎𝑠
VO = 28.7 m/s
𝑣𝐹2 − 𝑣𝑂2
𝑠 =
2𝑎
𝑎 = 7.84 𝑚/𝑠2, deceleration
28.7𝑚
02 − 2
a VF = 0 𝑠 = 𝑠
𝑚
2 −7.84 2
𝑠
𝑚2
−823.69 2
𝑠 = 𝑠
𝑚
−15.68 2
𝑠
s
𝑠 = 52.53 𝑚
3. A 3.5 kg pail is dropped into a 15 m empty deep well, starting from rest at the top.
The tension in the rope is constant at 14.8 N as the pail drops. What is the time to
reach the bottom of the well?
VO = 0
T = 14.8 N
Using Kinematics Eq’n (2)
T = 14.8 N
ℎ = 𝑣𝑂𝑡 + ½ 𝑎𝑡2
a
Where 𝑎 ≠ 𝑔
a
h = 15 m
W = mg
W = mg
3. A 3.5 kg pail is dropped into a 15 m empty deep well, starting from rest at the top.
The tension in the rope is constant at 14.8 N as the pail drops. What is the time to
reach the bottom of the well?
T = 14.8 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎 Using Kinematics Eq’n (2)
N ℎ = 𝒗𝑂𝑡 + ½ 𝑎𝑡2
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 → (+) Σ𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 ↑ (+)
a Where 𝑎 ≠ 𝑔
+ 𝑇 – 𝑊 = – 𝑚𝑎 𝑎 = 5.57 𝑚/𝑠2 , (𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔 – 𝑇 – 15𝑚 = (0)𝑡 + ½(– 5.57 𝑚/𝑠2)𝑡2
𝑚𝑔–𝑇 – 15𝑚 = (– 2.785 𝑚/𝑠2)𝑡2
𝑎=
𝑚 𝑡2 = (15𝑚/ 2.785 𝑚/𝑠2)
𝑚
W = mg 3.5𝑘𝑔 9.8 𝑠2 – 14.8 𝑁 𝑡2 = 5.386𝑠2
𝑎 = 𝑡 = 2.32 𝑠
3.5𝑘𝑔
𝑎 = 5.57 𝑚/𝑠2 , (𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑)
Q : What relates FCE to NSLM?
A : FCE analysis is similar to NSLM,

but the system’s acceleration (a) is
equal to zero during FCE.
Prob 4 : Given : System is released from rest. Determine the acceleration of the system, when it is
already in motion
a=? Derive first the equation for the acceleration
Use NSLM on the first FBD (m1)
m1 = 2 kg
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎
Σ𝐹𝑥 = max → (+) Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ (+)
μS = 0.65 μK = 0.2
FBD of m1 − 𝑓 + 𝑇 = + 𝑚1𝑎 + 𝑁1 – 𝑊 1 = 0
N1 m2 𝑓 = 𝜇𝑁 𝑁1 = 𝑊1
a
FBD of m2 – 𝜇𝑁 + 𝑇 = 𝑚 𝑎 𝑁1 = 𝑚1𝑔
1 1
f T T
a – 𝜇𝑚1𝑔 + 𝑇 = 𝑚1𝑎
We solve for “T” because it is the
common force between m1 & m2
W1 = m1g
W2 = m2g 𝑇 = 𝑚1𝑎 + 𝜇𝑚1𝑔 (eq’n 1)

Prob 4 : Given : System is released from rest. Determine the acceleration of the system, when it is
already in motion
a=? 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎 (eq’n 1 = eq’n 2)
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 → (+) 𝑚1𝑎 + 𝜇𝑚1𝑔 = 𝑚2𝑔– 𝑚2𝑎
m1 = 2 kg
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 ↑ (+) 𝑚1𝑎 + 𝑚2𝑎 = 𝑚2𝑔– 𝜇𝑚1𝑔
𝑇 – 𝑊2 = – 𝑚2𝑎 𝑎 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 = 𝑔 𝑚2 – 𝜇𝑚1
μS = 0.65 μK = 0.2
𝑇 = 𝑊2 – 𝑚2𝑎 𝑔 𝑚2 – 𝜇𝑚1
𝑎=
FBD of m1 𝑇 = 𝑚 𝑔 – 𝑚 𝑎 (eq’n 2) 𝑚1 + 𝑚2
2 2
N1 m2 Solve first for the value of m2 . When the object is about to move the
a
FBD of m2 frictional coefficient is static and the acceleration is zero
f T T 𝑔 𝑚2 –𝜇𝑚1 Next we solve for acceleration using µK and m2
0= 𝑔 𝑚2 – 𝜇 𝑘 𝑚 1
a 𝑚1+𝑚2
0 = 𝑚2 – 𝜇 𝒔 𝑚1 𝑎=
𝑚1 + 𝑚2
𝑚2 = 𝜇𝒔 𝑚1 = 0.65 2𝑘𝑔 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 1.3 𝑘𝑔–0.2(2 𝑘𝑔)
W1 = m1g 𝑚2 = 1.3𝑘𝑔 𝑎=
2 𝑘𝑔 +1.3 𝑘𝑔
W2 = m2g
𝑎 = 2.673 𝑚/𝑠 2
Prob 5
Consider the figure shown below. Block A weighs 50N and block B weighs 27N . Once block B is set into
downward motion, it descends at a constant speed.
a)Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction between block A and the table top.
b)A cat, of weight 50N , jumps on top of block B. If block B is now set in to downward motion, what is its
acceleration? The working equation is still 𝑔 𝑚𝐵 – 𝜇 𝑘 𝑚𝐴
𝑎=
𝑔 𝑚2 – 𝜇𝑚1 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵
A 𝑎=
𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑚𝐴 = 𝐴 =
𝑊 50𝑁
𝑔 9.8𝑚/𝑠2
Solve for µK 𝑚𝐴 = 5.102 𝑘𝑔
Condition : Block B (& the 𝑊 27𝑁+50𝑁
WA = 50N 𝑚𝐵 = 𝐵 =
system) moves at constant 𝑔 9.8𝑚/𝑠2
speed (a = 0) downward 𝑚𝐵 = 7.857 𝑘𝑔
This has the very same procedure in
0 = 𝑔 𝑚 – 𝜇 𝑚 9.8 7.857 − 0.54 5.102
derivation for acceleration using NSLM B 𝑩 𝑘 𝑨 𝑎 =
5.102 + 7.857
as problem 1 𝜇𝑘 = 𝑚𝑩/𝑚𝑨
𝑎 = 3.86 𝑚/𝑠2
WB = 27N µ𝐾 = (27𝑁/50𝑁)
µ𝐾 = 0.54
a
Prob 6: Given : Assume direction is to the left. (This is just an assumed
or guess direction)
Consider the figure

shown below. Block A is
1kg and block B is 2kg. mA = 1 kg
The inclined of block A is mB = 2 kg
50° with the horizontal
while that of block B is θA = 50° θB = 25°
25°. In what direction will FBD of mA
the system go and what is NA a T NA

a
NA
a
the acceleration? Assume
that the surface is θA = 50° T WAX = WAsinθA T
frictionless.
θA = 50° θA = 50°
WA = mAg WA = mAg WAY = WAcosθA
a
or guess direction)
Consider the figure

25°. In what direction will FBD of mA
the system go and what is NA

a
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎
the acceleration? Assume
that the surface is WAX = WAsinθA T Σ𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 → + Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ (+)
frictionless. – 𝑊𝐴𝑋 + 𝑇 =– 𝑚𝐴𝑎
θA = 50° – 𝑊𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐴 + 𝑇 = – 𝑚𝐴𝑎
WAY = WAcosθA
𝑇 = 𝑊𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐴 – 𝑚𝐴𝑎 (eq’n 1)
a
or guess direction)
Consider the figure

25°. In what direction will FBD of mB
the system go and what is a NB NB

a
NB
a
the acceleration? Assume T
that the surface is θB = 25°
T T
frictionless. WBX = WBsinθB

θB = 25° θB = 25°
WB = mBg WBY = WBcosθB
a
or guess direction)
Consider the figure

25°. In what direction will FBD of mB
𝑇 = 𝑊𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐴 – 𝑚𝐴𝑎 𝑇 = 𝑊𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐵 + 𝑚𝐵𝑎
the system go and what is NB
a
the acceleration? Assume (𝑚𝐴𝑔)sin𝜃𝐴 – 𝑚𝐴𝑎 = (𝑚𝐵𝑔)sin𝜃𝐵 + 𝑚𝐵𝑎
that the surface is T (𝑚𝐴𝑔)sin𝜃𝐴 – (𝑚𝐵𝑔)sin𝜃𝐵 = 𝑚𝐴𝑎 + 𝑚𝐵𝑎
frictionless. WBX = WBsinθB 𝑔(𝑚𝐴 sin 𝜃𝐴 – 𝑚𝐵 sin 𝜃𝐵) = 𝑎(𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵)
𝑔 𝑚𝐴 sin 𝜃𝐴 – 𝑚𝐵 sin 𝜃𝐵
θB = 25° 𝑎=
WBY = WBcosθB 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵
𝒂 = −0.259 𝑚/𝑠 2 a = 0.259m/s2 to the right
The negative sign means that the

assumed direction of “a” was wrong.
Hence it should be to the right :

Newton's Laws of Motion

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Newton's Laws of Motion

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Newton’s Laws of

Equations for Normal & Frictional Forces

SECOND LAW : Law of Acceleration

* Using the inclined surface as the x-axis

NOT ALLOWED :No perpendicular forces or angles with respect to

θ θ θ θ tan θ = (0.4 m)/(1 m)

A : FCE is an application of NFLM.

N W = mg 𝑏) Σ𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 & Σ𝐹𝒚 = 0

𝑐) Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 & Σ𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦

𝒗𝐹2 = 𝒗𝑂2 + 2𝑎𝑠

Q : What relates FCE to NSLM?

A : FCE analysis is similar to NSLM,

W2 = m2g 𝑇 = 𝑚1𝑎 + 𝜇𝑚1𝑔 (eq’n 1)

Consider the figure

the system go and what is NA a T NA

Consider the figure

the system go and what is NA

Consider the figure

the system go and what is a NB NB

frictionless. WBX = WBsinθB

Consider the figure

The negative sign means that the

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