RCPC

PEST
any plant or animal life (rodents,
birds,insects, fungus, weeds & etc)
whose presence or nearby any plants
may endanger, injure or damage
the said plant or animals
 insects (plus mites, ticks & spiders)
 plant diseases
 weeds
 vertebrate pest
 insects
(plus mites, ticks & spiders)

 pest
 parasite, parasitoid
 predators
 decomposers
 food
 medicine
TERMINOLOGY
P any animal that lives in or on
A the body of another living
R animal (host), at least during
A the part of its life cycle and
S feeding the tissue of its host.
I  egg parasite
T  larval parasite
E
TERMINOLOGY

P an animal that feeds in or on

A another animal for a relatively
R long time, consuming all
A or most of its tissues and
S eventually killing it.
I
T
O
D Trichogramma chilonis Eretmocerus mundus
TERMINOLOGY

P an animal that attacks & feed

R on other animals (prey), usually
E smaller or less powerful than
D itself.
A
T
O
R Praying mantis
 In selecting any control
methods,
identification
of the pest and the damage
they cause are very important
to consider.
Review (Biology) . . . .
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
ORDER
Family
Genus Requires extensive
familiarity with
Species the morphological
features under study

7 Taxonomic Categories
( Homo sapiens, Trichogramma chilones)
The ff. criteria are most helpful
in grouping insects and identifying
the damage they cause.
 Type of Mouthparts

 Type of Metamorphosis

 Structure & Venation on Wings

 Special Characteristics
TYPE OF MOUTHPARTS

 Chewing
It has mandibles
that move sideways,
bite off & chew
particles of food
 TYPE OF MOUTHPARTS

 Sucking
It has long beak
which suck juice
from plants
 TYPE OF MOUTHPARTS

 Siphoning
Long and coiled
which suck juice
or nectar from
plants
TYPE OF METAMORPHOSIS

 Complete
TYPE OF METAMORPHOSIS

 Incomplete
INSECT CLASSIFICATION

Insect Stage Causing Common

Order Damage Name

Lepidoptera Caterpillar Butterflies

(larva) & moths
 RICE CASEWORM
(Nymphula depunctalis)
DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS:
 cut leaves are rolled into tubes or cases
 ladder-like appearance of the removed leaf tissue on
leaves
 upper epidermis of the leaves somewhat “papery
 plants are stunted and produce fewer tillers
 damaged plants occur in patches in the field

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH STAGES

 seedling to tillering

STAGE OF THE PEST CAUSING DAMAGE

 larval stage
 EGG
2 - 6 days

ADULT LARVA
4 - 8 days 20 days

PUPA
7 days

LIFE CYCLE OF RICE CASE WORM

DAMAGE CAUSED BY RICECASEWORM
 ARMY WORM (Mythimna separata)
CUTWORM (Spodoptera litura)

DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS:
 large areas of leaf blades are removed either
from the leaf tip or along the margins
 seedlings are cut at ground level

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH STAGES

 seedling to ripening

STAGE OF THE PEST CAUSING DAMAGE

 larval stage
LIFECYCLE OF ARMYWORM/CUTWORM

ARMYWORM CUTWORM
EGG EGG
2-4 days 2-4 days

ADULT LARVA ADULT LARVA

8-10 days 10-12 days 5-7 days 20 days

PUPA PUPA
6 days 6-7 days
ARMYWORM & ITS DAMAGE CUTWORM & ITS DAMAGE
RICE LEAFFOLDER (Chaphalocrocis medinalis)

DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS:
 leaf blades are folded into tubular structures
 longitudinal white and transparent streaks on the leaf
blades caused by removal of leaf tissue by larval
feeding within these structures
 heavily damaged leaves become dry

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH STAGES

 seedling to flowering

STAGE OF THE PEST CAUSING DAMAGE

 larval stage
 EGG
4 days

ADULT LARVA
6-8 days 15-25 days

PUPA
6-8 days

LIFE CYCLE OF RICE LEAFFOLDER

DAMAGE CAUSED BY RICE LEAFFOLDER
 RICE STEM BORER
DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS:
• the central leaf whorl of the leaves does not unfold,
turns brownies and dries, although lower leaves
remain green and healthy at vegetative stage
• dried young leaves or panicles can be easily pulled
out by hand
• unfilled grains or drying out of panicles
• tiller number is reduced
• broken stalks or stems due to tunneling

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH STAGES

• tillering or heading
STAGE OF THE PEST CAUSING DAMAGE
• larval stage
 EGG
1-9 days

ADULT LARVA
5-15 days 22-45 days

PUPA
6-11 days

LIFE CYCLE OF RICE STEMBORER

DIFFERENT SPECIES OF STEM BORERS

YELLOW STEMBORER
Yellow stemborer

Striped stemborer

Pink stemborer
- nationwide
RICE STEMBORER AND ITS DAMAGE
INSECT CLASSIFICATION

Insect Stage Causing Common

Order Damage Name

Diptera Maggot Flies

 WHORL MAGGOT
(Hydrella philipina)
DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS :
• white or transparent patches near the edges of
leaves after they unfold
• pinhole feeding areas on slightly damaged leaf
• Severely damaged leaves break from the wind
• plants are stunted with few tillers.
• damage plants occur in patches

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH STAGES

• seedling to tillering

STAGE OF THE PEST CAUSING DAMAGE

• larval stage
 EGG
2 - 6 days

ADULT LARVA
7 - 14 days 10 -12 days

PUPA
7 - 10 days

LIFE CYCLE OF WHORL MAGGOT

DAMAGE CAUSED BY WHORL MAGGOT
INSECT CLASSIFICATION

Insect Stage Causing Common

Order Damage Name

Coleoptera Larva (grubs) Beetles

& adult & weevils
Beetles Mostly they are Biocon
agents

Mostly they are Storage

Weevils Pest
Caterpillar
(Moth & Butterflis)

Weevils CHEWING MOUTHPARTS

(Maggots)
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
Grubs
(Beetles an Weevils)
INSECT CLASSIFICATION

Insect Stage Causing Common

Order Damage Name

HEMIPTERA Nymph True Bugs

& Adult
RICE BLACK BUG (Scotinophara coarctata)

DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS:
• plants turn reddish brown or yellow due to sap removal
• growth is stunted and tiller number is reduced when
feeding is during tillering stage
• after booting, attacked plants have stunted panicles
incomplete panicle exsertion, and panicles with empty
grains (whiteheads)
• plants wilt and die

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH STAGES

• seedling to flowering stage
STAGES OF THE PEST CAUSING DAMAGE
• adult and nymph stages
 LIFE CYCLE
OF RICE BLACK BUG

EGG
3-5 days

ADULT NYMPH
9-10 days 38-42 days
RICE BLACK BUG AND ITS DAMAGE
RICE BUG (Leptocorisa oratorius)
DAMAGE CHARACTERISITCS:
• darkened spots on grains
• smaller or unfilled grains
• feeding sheaths near inner
edges
of palea and lemma

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH
STAGES
• flowering to milk stage

STAGES OF THE PEST CAUSING

DAMAGE
• adult
INSECT CLASSIFICATION

Insect Stage Causing Common

Order Damage Name

HOMOPTERA Nymph Aphids

& Adult & Whiteflies
 GREEN LEAFHOPPERS
Nephotetix virescens, N.nigropictus & N. malayanus
DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS:

• sucking of the sap from the

leaves and tillers can stunt
plant growth

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH
STAGES

•seedling to booting

STAGE OF THE PEST CAUSING

DAMAGE
•adult and nymph stages
 LIFE CYCLE
OF GREEN LEAFHOPPER

EGG
7-8 days

ADULT NYMPH
18 days 13-19 days
 BROWN PLANTHOPPER
(Nilaparvata lugens)

DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS:
drying and browning of tillers due to the removal
of plant sap (hopperburn)

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH STAGES

early tillering to flowering

STAGES OF THE PEST CAUSING DAMAGE

adult and nymph stages
BROWN PLANTHOPPER AND ITS DAMAGE
 LIFE CYCLE OF BROWN
PLANTHOPPER

EGG
8-9 days

ADULT NYMPH
12-18 days 12-13 days
 WHITEBACKED PLANTHOPPER
(Sogatella furcifera)

DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS:
 plants turn orange-yellow to orange
 leaves dry and trun brown later
 hopperburned plants initially occur in small
patches in the field

SUSCEPTIBLE GROWTH STAGES

 seedling to flowering

STAGES OF THE PEST CAUSING DAMAGE

 adult and nymph stages
 LIFE CYCLE OF
WHITEBACKED PLANTHOPPER

EGG
7-8 days

ADULT NYMPH
12-18 days 11-12 days
WHITEBACKED PLANTHOPPER & ITS DAMAGE
INSECT CLASSIFICATION

Insect Stage Causing Common

Order Damage Name

Thysanoptera Nymph Thrips

& Adult
INSECT CLASSIFICATION

Insect Stage Causing Common

Order Damage Name

Dermaptera Nymph Earwigs

& Adult

- Biocon Agents
PREDATORS
PARASITES

PATHOGENS
PATHOGENS