PENGANTAR

PROYEKSI PETA

PROYEKSI PETA 2015

Kosasih Priatna , 2005
 EARTH SHAPE MODELS
Flat earth models are still used for plane surveying, over distances short enough
so that earth curvature is insignificant (less than 10 km).
Spherical earth models (Earth centered model) represent the shape of the earth
with a sphere of a specified radius. Spherical earth models are often used for short
range navigation (VOR-DME) and for global distance approximations. Spherical
models fail to model the actual shape of the earth
.
Ellipsoidal earth models are required for accurate range and bearing calculations
over long distances. Ellipsoidal models define an ellipsoid with an equatorial radius
and a polar radius. The best of these models can represent the shape of the earth
over the smoothed, averaged sea-surface to within about one-hundred meters.
Although the earth is an ellipsoid, its major and minor axes do not vary greatly. In
fact, its shape is so close to a sphere that it is often called a spheroid rather than
an ellipsoid. But sometimes, the spheroid confused people. called ellipsoid.
www.nmt.edu/~gjones_/Lecture
MAP PROJECTIONS …
Mendefinisikan Hubungan Spasial antara lokasi di permukaan
bumi dengan lokasi relatif di Peta.
Merupakan model Matematis.
Mengakibatkan distorsi (skala, jarak, arah dan bentuk)
 GLOBE
• Spherical Earth’s surface
-radius 6371 km
• Meridians (lines of longitude)
- passing through Greenwich, England as
prime meridian or 0º longitude.
• Parallels (lines of latitude) True direction, shape,
distance, and area

- using equator as 0º latitude.

• degrees-minutes-seconds (DMS),
• decimal degrees (DD)
www.nmt.edu/~gjones_/Lecture
SPHERICAL AND ELLIPSOIDAL EARTH
Earth Centered X/Y/Z Geodetic Lat/Lon/Height

www.nmt.edu/~gjones_/Lecture
SELECTED
ELLIPSOIDS AND
DATUMS

Source: http://maic.jmu.edu/sic/standards/datum.htm www.nmt.edu/~gjones_/Lecture

 AREA DISTORTION ON WORLD MAPS

Mollweide Projection (equal-

Mercator Projection area)

Lower 48 States -- 52,362,000 Lower 48 States -- 30,730,000

Sq Miles Sq Miles

Columbia -- 4,456,000 Sq
Columbia -- 4,471,000 Sq Miles
Miles
LINEAR DISTORTION ON NATIONAL MAPS

Albers Equal Area Projection -- 2564.3 Miles

Oblique Mercator Projection -- 2583.9 Miles

Difference = 19.6 Miles

One part in 132
0.76 Percent
AREA DISTORTION ON NATIONAL MAPS

Lambert Conformal Projection -- 147,657

Square Miles

Albers Equal Area Projection -- 148,993 Square

Miles

Difference = 1336 Square Miles

One part in 111
0.90 Percent
 LINEAR DISTORTION ON LOCAL MAPS
Montana State Plane Coordinates – 39,189.6 feet Oblique Mercator Projection – 38,212.1 feet

Difference = 27.5 feet One part in 1742 0.0574 Percent

 AREA DISTORTION ON LOCAL MAPS
Montana State Plane Coordinates -- 122,314.3 Albers Equal Area Projection -- 122,425.2 Acres
Acres

Difference = 110.9 Acres One part in 1104 0.091 Percent

 PETA IDEAL (1)
 Luas Benar

 Jarak Benar

 Arah Benar

 Bentuk Benar
 PETA IDEAL (2)
 Membagi daerah yang dipetakan menjadi bagian – bagian yang
tidak begitu luas.

 Menggunakan bidang datar / bidang yang dapat didatarkan

(kalau didatarkan tidak mengalami distorsi).
 SIFAT PROYEKSI PETA
 Proyeksi Ekuidistan → Jarak Benar

 Proyeksi Konform → Bentuk & Sudut Benar

 Proyeksi Ekuivalen → Luas Benar

 Prozeksi Azimuthal → Arah Benar

 PERMUKAAN PROYEKSI PETA
 Bidang Datar

 Silinder

 Kerucut
Source of Projection
ORTHOGRAPHIC
Source of Projection
STEREOGRAPHIC
Source of Projection
GNOMONIC