Dr. Ir. HERI SUPOMO, M.

Sc
 COMPATIBILITY
 Komponen metal
 Perbedaan e MF
 Jarak elemen konstruksi
 Ratio – anode /katode
 Luas material terbuka
 Conductivitas
 Resistivitas
 Gradient temperature
 Arah kecepatan media
 Kandungan korosive
 Arah aliran listrik
 Bentuk struktur
 Pemilihan bahan sambungan
 GEOMETRI
Tujuan
mengurangi korosi dari segi design melalui faktor:
 bentuk
 ukuran
Parameter
 Simple and streamline
 Bentuk  Homogenitas
Media
 Maintenance and repairable
 Tidak terjadi difusi media
 Tidak terjadi endapan
 Teknik fabrikasi  simple and possible
 Tidak terjadi double protection
 Kegunaan
 Sifat sifat lingkungan
 MATERIAL
 Design +material+faktor lain

 Scope:
pemahaman - suitability
evaluasi - ability of function within reason and cost
Pemilihan
GENERAL CONSIDERATION
 Functional suitability
 Economical safety
 Analyze as a whole system & separately
 Moderate corrosion rate
 Put the order of priority
 Composition of alloy
 Consideration of manufacturing
 Dimension of material
 Repairable and non repairable
 Flammable or not
 Mechanical properties
 All of these factors should be considered regarding to material selection
Objectives what for?
 Economically

 Technically
a. PHYSICAL CHARACTER
General :
 Chemical composition
 Corrosion character in water , soil, etc
 Crystal structure etc.
 Etc.
 Strength / mechanical
 Fatique
 Tensile
 Hardnes etc.
b. DESIGN LIMITATION/RESTRICTION
 Size /thickness
 Velocity
 Temperature
 Maintainability
 Etc
c. FABRICATION CHARACTER
 Brazing & soldering
 Formability  cold
 Formability  hot
 Machinability
 Protective coating
 Quality of finish
 Weldability
d. ECONOMIC FACTOR
 availability
 Cost in different form
 Sile/cost limitation
 Sile/cost tolerant
Design  compatibility structuture
Parameter
 Component of metal
 Perbedaan eMF
 Jarak
 Basic  metal terbuka
 Ukuran anode dan katode
 Conductivity  metal Environment
 Resistivity  metal Environment
 Gradient temperature  penyebarannya
 Arah, kecepatan, tingkat aliran fluida
 Content of corrosion
 Direction of electron
 Bentuk struktur
 Pemilihan linking material
MECHANICS
Parameter:
 Material , stress, environment, temperature design life
 SC C ( Stress Cracking)
 F. Corrosion (Fatique)
 Friction Limited Ppp
 Metal working harus sempurna
 Flexibility
 Avoid rivet
 Reduce stress benarkah gbr ini?
 Etc.
A. Material Selection
 Metal ( Ferro dan Non Ferro)
 Non Metal :
* Organic
* Non organic

B. Design
 Form
 Dimension

 Design rules
Compatibility
 Komponen metal
 Perbedaan e MF
 Jarak elemen konstruksi
 Ratio – anode /katode
 Luas material terbuka
 Conductivitas
 Resistivitas
 Gradient temperature
 Arah kecepatan media
 Kandungan korosive
 Arah aliran listrik
 Bentuk struktur
 Pemilihan bahan sambungan
 Tujuan
mengurangi korosi dari segi design melalui
faktor:
 bentuk
 ukuran

Geometri
 Parameter
 Simple and streamline
 Bentuk  Homogenitas
Media
 Maintenance and repairable
 Tidak terjadi difusi media
 Tidak terjadi endapan
 Teknik fabrikasi  simple and possible
 Tidak terjadi double protection
 Kegunaan
 Sifat sifat lingkungan
  Design +material+faktor lain

 Scope:
pemahaman - suitability
evaluasi - ability of function within
reason and cost
Pemilihan

MATERIAL
General consideration
 Functional suitability
 Economical safety
 Analyze as a whole system & separately
 Moderate corrosion rate
 Put the order of priority
 Composition of alloy
 Consideration of manufacturing
 Dimension of material
 Repairable and non repairable
 Flammable or not
 Mechanical properties
 All of these factors should be considered regarding to material selection
 Objectives what for?
 Economically
 Technically
BASIC METAL
APPRECATION

{
 General :
 Chemical composition
 Corrosion character in water , soil, etc
 Crystal structure etc.
 Etc.
 Strength / mechanical
 Fatique
 Tensile
 Hardnes etc.

a. PHYSICAL CHARACTER
b. DESIGN
LIMITATION/RESTRICTION
 Size /thickness
 Velocity
 Temperature
 Maintainability
 Etc
  Brazing & soldering
 Formability  cold
 Formability  hot
 Machinability
 Protective coating
 Quality of finish
 Weldability

c. FABRICATION CHARACTER
  availability
 Cost in different form
 Sile/cost limitation
 Sile/cost tolerant

d. ECONOMIC FACTOR
Design  compatibility
Parameter
structuture



Component of metal
Perbedaan eMF
 Jarak
 Basic  metal terbuka
 Ukuran anode dan katode
 Conductivity  metal Environment
 Resistivity  metal Environment
 Gradient temperature  penyebarannya
 Arah, kecepatan, tingkat aliran fluida
 Content of corrosion
 Direction of electron
 Bentuk struktur
 Pemilihan linking material
 Parameter:
 Material , stress, environment, temperature design
life
 SC C ( Stress Cracking)
 F. Corrosion (Fatique)
 Friction Limited
 Metal working harus sempurna
 Flexibility
 Avoid rivet
 Reduce stress benarkah gbr ini?
 Etc. Ppp

MECHANICS
C. ALTERATION OF ENVIRONMENT

 Changing medium (Temp, Velocity, concentration,

Oxidizer

 Inhibitor
 Absorbstion
 H-E-P (hydrogen –evolution-poison)
 Scavenger
2Na2SO3 +O2  2Na2SO4
N2H4 +O2  N2 +2H2O
 Oxidizer
 Vapor- phase-inhibitor
D. Anodic protection/ ICCP / Katodic
Protection

Classical Katodic Protection

*
*
*
34
 Two General types of protection with
Cathodic protection systems
• SACRIFICIAL ANODE
• By the use of a metal which will
suffer galvanic corrosion, such as
Zinc, when zinc is electrically
connected to steel, it has a higher
potential and will act as the
anode and emit current which
passes into the steel. The steel is
cathodically protected and the
zinc will corrode, SACRIFICING
itself for the protection of the
steel.
IMPRESSED CURRENT
Places a voltage on a
conductive material and
forcing it to emit a current,
which protects the steel.
The material chosen
(anode) has a high
resistance to corrosion and
is not destroyed such as
platinum.
35
 Impressed Current CP
Pros of Impressed Current CP
 Unlimited driving potential.
 Capable of protecting large steel structures
when designed properly.
 Requires less anodes then a galvanic system.
 Output can be controlled using a permanent
reference electrode, desirable when the
electrolyte resistivity is known to change.
36
 Impressed Current CP
Cons of Impressed Current CP
 Initial costs can be more expensive.

 Requires an external DC power source along

with an AC supply.
 System requires routine maintenance and
monitoring.
 Anode wires can be susceptible to damage.

37
Impressed Current CP Rectifier
A rectifier converts available AC power to low
voltage DC power. Most cathodic protection
rectifiers are provided with a means to vary the
DC output voltage in small increments, or in
some cases offer complete control from zero to
100% of rated DC output.

38
*
Schematic figure of anodic protection system for
protecting inner surface of storage tank
CATHODES FOR ANODIC PROTECTION

 Should be permanent and can be used as current

collector without any significant degradation.
 Having large surface area in order to suppress
cathodic overpotential.
 Low cost.

Platinum clad brass can be used for anodic protection

cathodes because this cathode has low overpotential
and its degradation rate is very low, however it is
very expensive.
Cathodes used in recent anodic protection
systems
 AP KP
 Aplicability metal Active /passive metal only All
 corrosive level Weak - aggresive Weak-moderate
 Cost instalaltion high Low
 Operation Cost Very low Medium-high
 Power loses High Low
 Operation Condition accurate empirical
 Kerapatan arus konstruksi = kerapatan arus anode
Ir = Ia
Jika : Ir = arus yg dibutuhkan suatu konstruksi ( mA/m2
Ia = arus yang dikeluarkan anoda (A/m2
Zn , Al=6.5 {A/m2]
Mg = 10.8 {A/m2]
An = Luas Anode (tiap2 anode)
n = jumlah anode
Wsa = luasan konstruksi korosive
Maka
iR x WSA = ia x Aa . n
* Contoh
Sebuah ajungan pengeboran minyak terbuat dari
baja tak berlapis konstruksi ini harus tahan
selama 10 tahun, dengan perlindungan katodic
protection (sabrifilial anode) ukura anode r=
50mm l=200mm luas permukaan korosive
=2400m2 luas permukaan lain = 100 m2
Arus yang dibutuhkan konstruksi = 110 mA m-2
Jika harga Mg = 2x harga zn = 1.5 harga Al
a. Pilih anode yang sesuai
b. Hitung jumlah anode minimum
c. Apakah 2750 buah anode memenuhi waktu 10
tahun
Langkah penyelesaian
1. Total arus yang dibutuhkan
(2400+100)x110 = 275 A
2. Luas anoda
Zn & Al = 275/6.5 = 42.3 m2
Mg = 275/10.8 = 25.4 m2
3. Luas anoda =3.14 x 50 x200 = 3.14 x104 mm
4. Jumlah anode = 42.3
3.14 x104 mm
5. Untuk 10 tahun total arus yang dibutuhkan
10 x275=2750A/th
keluaran tiap anode =2750/2750 = 1 A .tahun
Volume anode = 3.14 x 0.05 x 0.05 x2x 0.2/2 = 4
6. Laju Pengausan Zn =tabel 16.1
Setelah 10 tahun (A)-(1.518 x10-3) m3 ≥ 0