2019 Second International Conference on

Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms

(ICACCP)
25 – 28 February, 2019
Technical Session #Special Track-VIII Paper ID #1570503255

Role of Humidity Content on Atmospheric Turbulence

&
Essay on Earthquake Precursor Studies

Pranoy Ghosh*, Arijit De

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata-700152, India
*pranoyghosh35@gmail.com
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Paper Outline
Introduction
Related Works
Problem Definition
Proposed Methodology
Results & Discussions
Conclusion
References
Future Scope

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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Introduction

Atmospheric Refractive Index Structure Constant

Radiosonde Measurements

Importance of Study

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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Related Works

• Season’s effect of atmospheric turbulence

• Role of Humidity and Temperature on Atmospheric

Turbulence.

• Structure constants and Earthquake precursor.

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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Problem Definition

• Which physical parameters or gradients play a dominant

role in deciding atmospheric turbulence?
• Is the dominance same at all heights or the relative
dominance between multiple parameters changes with
height?
• Are daily variations of mean structure constant values a
reliable precursor for Earthquake events?

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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Proposed Methodology
• Atmospheric Refractive Index Structure constant is
computed using Tatarskii formula from radiosonde
measurements.
• Correlation with height study is performed between
Structure constant and suspect parameters- both
Correlation Coefficient r & Type-1 error probability p is
computed.
• Daily variations in structure constant for a period of 31
days.

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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Results
• Monthly variations in Atmospheric Turbulence

• Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence on Humidity

• Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence on Temperature

• Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence on other

atmospheric parameters.

• Daily variations in Atmospheric Turbulence

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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Conclusion

• Monthly variations in Atmospheric Turbulence are

systematic.
• Atmospheric Turbulence is positively correlated with
Humidity.
• ‘p’ value patterns are systematic.
• Daily variations are unreliable EQ precursor.

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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References
[1] A.N. Kolmogorov, “The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluids for very large Reynolds

numbers,” C. R. Acad. Sci. 30, 1941, 301–305

[2] V.I Tatarskii, “Effects of the turbulent atmosphere on wave propogation”, Israel Program for Scientific Translations

Ltd, Jerusalem, 1971.

[3] P. Ghosh and A. De, “Study of Atmospheric Refractive Index Structure Constant over India using Radiosonde

Measurements” unpublished.

[4] Zahan Y., Devi M., Barbara A. K. (May 2015), “The small scale atmospheric irregularitites in association with the

Thunderstorm activity over Guwahati”, International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology Research

(IJSETR), 4(5).

[5] A Medhi, M Devi, H Goswami and A K Barbara, “Atmospheric turbulences over Guwahati and their association with

tropospheric dynamics, Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics”, Vol 44, March 2015, pp 35-44.

[6] MARVIN L. WESELY, “The Combined Effect of Temperature and Humidity Fluctuations on Refractive Index”,

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, January 1976.

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2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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References
[7] Alvan H V, Azad F H & Omar H B, Chlorophyll concentration and surface temperature changes associated with

earthquakes, Nat Hazards (Netherlands), 64 (2012) pp 691-706.

[8] Cervone G, Kafatos M, Napoletani D & Singh R P, Wavelet maxima curves of surface latent heat flux associated with two

recent major Greek earthquakes, Nat Hazard Earth Syst Sci (UK), 4 (2004) pp 359-374.

[9] Dey S & Singh R P, Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor, Nat Hazard Earth Syst Sci (UK), 3 (2003) pp 749-

755

[10] Goswami H. Devi M, Rambabu S, Barbara A K & Prakash K, An analysis of the relation between precipitation and

earthquake in the Indian region, Indian J Radio Space Phys, 43 (2014) pp 41-47.

[11] Ouzounov D, Liu D, Kang C, Cervone G, Kafatos M & Taylor P, Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR

satellite data prior to major earthquakes, Tectonophysics (Netherlands), 431 (2007) pp 211-220.

[12] Qiang, Z, Thermal infrared anomaly precursor of earthquake, Pure App! Geophys (Switzerland), 149 (1997) pp 159-170

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References

[13] Singh R P, Cervone G, Singh V P & Kafatos M, Generic precursors to coastal earthquakes: Inferences from Denali

fault earthquake, Tectonophysics (Netherlands), 431 (2007) pp 231-240.

[14] Tronin A, Atmosphere—Lithosphere coupling, Thermal anomalies on the earth's surface in seismic process, in

Seism° electromagnetics: Lithosphere—atmosphere— ionosphere coupling, M Hayakawa & 0 A Molchanov.

Eds, (Terrapub, Tokyo), 2002, pp 173-176.

[15] Tronin, A, Thermal IR satellite sensor data application for earth-quake research in China. Int J Remote Sens (UK),

16 (2000) pp 3169-3177.

[16] R. Barletti, G. Ceppatelli, L. Paterno, A. Righini and N. Speroni, “Astronomical Site testing with Balloon Borne

Radiosondes: Results about Atmospheric Turbulence, Solar seeing and Stellar Scintillation”, Astronomy and

Astrophysics, 54, 1977, 649-659.

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2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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Future Scope

• Diurnal values of Atmospheric Refractive Index

Structure Constant to study convective activity in
Tropical climate.

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
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Thank You

Any Questions?

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP)
 Monthly variations in Atmospheric 1/2

Turbulence
at KOLKATA
Heights 0-2km from sea level Free atmosphere
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Monthly variations in Atmospheric
Turbulence at GUWAHATI
Heights 0-2km from sea level Free atmosphere
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Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence
on Humidity
Correlation with height comparison Vertical profile comparison
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Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence
on Humidity
Vertical profile comparison
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Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence on Humidity:

Annual pattern at KOLKATA 2017
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Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence on Humidity:
‘p’ value pattern comparisons
Same months from two years
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Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence on Humidity:
‘r’ value pattern comparisons
Between two locations from same year
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Dependence of Atmospheric Turbulence
on Temperature
Correlation with height Vertical profile
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Locations & Distances from epicentre

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Daily variations in Atmospheric Turbulence
15 days before and after the EQ events

Earth Quake 31st Jan 2018 Earth Quake 24th Aug 2016
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Daily variations in Atmospheric Turbulence
15 days before and after the EQ events

Earth Quake 24th Aug 2016 Comparison of feature

 Importance of study

• A large number of locations.

• Seasonal variations.

• Vertical profiles.

• Lower atmosphere and Free atmosphere.

• Correlation with humidity.

• Earth Quake precursor.

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Theoretical Background

• Cn2 Reflects random fluctuations of

atmospheric refractive index.

• Atmosphere in turbulent state

o Irregular heating of earth’s surface

o natural phenomena.

• Distinct nature at boundary layer and

free atmosphere. File: Atmospheric boundary layer.svg

Wikipedia.org
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Theoretical background

Atmospheric turbulence creates- Eddies Eddies subdivides into smaller eddies.

Higher Reynold number smaller l0

Tatarskii formula for Cn2 Inertial range is observed for Re>106.

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Theoretical background
dimensionl Outer length scale Pressure
ess constant of turbulent Specific
spectrum Humidit
y
  d ln q 
 15500q  
6  P  d ln  T  1 dz
Cn  A ALo M       
2 2 43 2 M 77.6 10      1 1
where
 T  dz   T  2 d ln T 
 
  dz 

Atmospheric
ratio of vertical gradient of
Refractive Index Temperat
eddy potential refractive
Structure ure
diffusivit index fluctuations
Constant
ies
Potential Temperature
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Daily variations & Earthquake Precursor
studies
Literature Event details
• Earth Quake precursors are widely reported.
• Earth Quake 24th August 2016
• A current research paper has studied daily
log(Cn2 ) for 2006-2010. o M=6.8
o Epicentre: Chauk, Burma.
• Linked Daily mean log(Cn2) as precursor to o Study Locations : KOLKATA ,
major EQ events.
GUWAHATI
• Our work-
o Chose two EQ events.
o Studied daily mean log(Cn2) for a month . • Earth Quake 31st Jan 2018
o Several locations where shaking was felt. o M=6.1
• Aim- o Epicentre: Jarm, Afghanisthan
o Test reliability of the claim. o Study Locations: KABUL, MASSAD,
ZWS KASHI, NEW DELHI.
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Radiosonde measurements
 Measures twice a day at around 00 and 12 GMT (18:30 and
06:30 IST).

 Measurement at different heights

 few tens of meters to few hundreds of meters resolution.

 Data obtained
o Pressure
• Aneroid barometer
• 1 mb resolution
o Temperature
• Carbon rod thermistor
• 0.1°C resolution
o Dew point temperature
• Obtained from relative humidity
• Measured by carbon hygristor.
• Resolution- 2% of RH.
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Radiosonde Locations

 KOLKATA  KABUL

 GUWAHATI  MASSAD

 MUMBAI  ZASH KASHI

 VISHAKAPATNAM

 DELHI
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