Investigation on the Workability and

Flexural Strength of Concrete with

Varying Percent of Rice Straw Ash (RSA)
as Partial Cement Replacement.

Presenter: Miguel Carlo S. Alviar

CE 199 GH 1
September 23, 2019
Overview of the Presentation
I. The Need of a Cement Alternative
II. Significance of the Study
III. Rice Straw Ash
IV. Objectives of the Study
V. Scope and Limitations
VI. Methodology

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Why do we need a cement alternative?

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 Adverse effects to the environment
Global CO2 emission of cement manufacturing: up to 7% (Mehta and
Monteiro, 2006).

Source(s): https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj5rNnMs-
TkAhVN62EKHYxGCkMQjhx6BAgBEAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fvideo%2Fclip-128410-cement-plant-smoke-stacks&psig=AOvVaw0Eci6v0Cd-
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gHYbshKModga&ust=1569240757988821;
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiI874tOTkAhVXA4gKHT4ACZAQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=%2Furl%3Fsa%3Di%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%2
6ved%3D%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fnewsroom.ucla.edu%252Freleases%252Fucla-scientists-confirm%253A-new-technique-could-make-cement-manufacturing-carbon-
neutral%26psig%3DAOvVaw0Eci6v0Cd-gHYbshKModga%26ust%3D1569240757988821&psig=AOvVaw0Eci6v0Cd-gHYbshKModga&ust=1569240757988821
 Demand for cement
Cement consumption: 24.4 million metric tons
(Gonzales, 2018)

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Source(s): https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/images/8/8f/Sitelighting.jpg;
https://housingnews.org.ng/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/pl043918_r-and-d_construction-cost.jpg
 Scarcity of raw materials
Raw materials will eventually be scarce.

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Source(s): https://www.rockwellautomation.com/resources/images/rockwellautomation/publication/COAL_CSS--photograph_848w477h.jpg;
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTN6_fJUCbSD8Sor95mueOKnL27L58hJ3YgRHTsD_DqLn6FhUNB
 Plethora of waste produced

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Source(s): http://www.asiagreenbuildings.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/imag0223.jpg
https://cdn.downtoearth.org.in/dte/userfiles/images/18_20130131.jpg
Significance of the Study
• Lessening of future construction expenses
• Reduction of waste in rice harvesting companies
• Decrease the damaging effects of cement-use
• Provide income generating products for rice farms

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Why use rice straw ash?
• Pozzolanic properties
• Amount produced after every rice milling

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Sources: (International Rice Research Institute, 2019; Lim, Manan, Alwi, & Hashim, 2012; Khushnood,
Rizwan, Memon, Tulliani, & Ferro, 2014; Cordeiro, Filho, Fairbairn, Tavares, & Oliveira, 2004)
Objectives
The study aims to analyze the workability and flexural strength of
replacing rice straw ash as an alternative for cement in concrete. The
specific objectives of the study are :
1. To identify the changes in the mix proportion of concrete.
2. To determine the workability of fresh concrete with varying replacement of
RSA.
3. To investigate the response of hardened concrete with RSA replacement of 0%,
and 10% and varying water to binder ratio of 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 using the flexural
strength test
4. To identify the optimal percent replacement of RSA to achieve the best results.

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Scope and Limitations
• Rice straw ash gathered exclusively from IRRI
• Type I Portland Cement
• Percent Replacement of 0% and 10% only
• Variations of w/c of 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7
• Curing Time: 28 days
• Rectangular mold dimensions of 4x4x16 (in inches)

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Materials and Methodology
• Concrete molds • Concrete Mixer • Concrete vibrating
rod

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Materials and Methodology
• Procurement of rice straw ash

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Materials and Methodology
Preliminary Tests
• Testing for SG: • Dry –rodded Weight:
• Cement • Coarse Aggregates
• Fine Aggregates
• Coarse Aggregates • % Absorption:
• RSA • Fine Aggregates

• Fineness Modulus
• Fine Aggregates
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Materials and Methodology
• The necessary mixture proportions will be based
from the American Concrete Institute (ACI) mix
design, and;

• A slump cone test will be conducted for

workability.
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Materials and Methodology
• Concrete molds will be left to harden for
24 hours

• Hardened concrete will be put inside a

curing tank for 28 days
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 Materials and Methodology
• Flexural strength test will be done through the use of the
Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
• Procedure for testing will be followed based on ASTM C78
(third-point Loading)

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Source(s): https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjd1IWLv-
TkAhUGAogKHdN3CtcQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiamart.com%2Fproddetail%2Fhydraulic-universal-testing-machine-
14724460173.html&psig=AOvVaw0704bN1fSOjAZPIvKirKGt&ust=1569240261249060
https://theconstructor.org/concrete/flexural-test-concrete-procedure-applications/18576/
Materials and Methodology
• Statistical Tools for analysis:
-One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will be used.

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Summary of Procedure:
1. Procurement of materials 9. Mechanical Tests
2. Preliminary Tests
3. Mix Proportions
4. Preparation of Mat’ls
5. Concrete Mixing
6. Slump test
7. Casting of Concrete
8. Curing of concrete 19
Thank you for
listening
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References
Cordeiro, G., Filho, R., Fairbairn, E., Tavares, L., & Oliveira, C. (2004). Mehta, P. K., & Monteiro, P. J. (2006). Concrete : Microstructure,
Influence of Properties and
mechanical grinding on the pozzolanic activity of residual sugarcane Materials (3rd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
bagasse ash. Moulik & Ghosal (2017). Use of Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement
International RILEM Conference on the Use of Recycled Materials in with Cement
Building and In Concrete- A Review
Structures (pp. 731-740). Barcelona: RILEM Publications SARL. Rice Straw Background. Close up Rice straw Background. (2019, July 12).
Gonzales, I. (2018, March 9). Cement firms gear up for Build Build Build. Retrieved
The from CanStockPhoto:
Philippine Star, p. B8. https://www.canstockphoto.com/rice-straw-background-
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). (n.d.). Rice straw. Retrieved 13350666.html
from Rice Qudoos, A., Kim, H., Rehman, A.-u., Jeon, I., & Ryou, J.-S. (2019).
Knowledge Bank: Influence of the
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step- particle size of wheat straw ash on the microstructure of the interfacial
production/postharvest/rice-by-pro transition zone.
ducts/rice-straw Powder Technology, 453–461.
Khushnood, R., Rizwan, S. A., Memon, S. A., Tulliani, J.-M., & Ferro, G.
(2014).
Experimental Investigation on the Use of Wheat Straw Ash and
Bentonite in
Self-Compacting Cementitious System. Advances in Materials Science
and
Engineering, 1-11.
Lim, J. S., Manan, Z. A., Wan Alwi, S. R., & Hashim, H. (2012). A review on
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