12-7-3

ERROR DETECTOR, CONTROLLER and

FINAL CORRECTING DEVICE
OVERVIEW

 Error detection is the detection of errors caused by

noise or other impairments during transmission from the
transmitter to the receiver.
 In control systems, error detectors are used to sense
and measure any error, which may occur due to the
difference between the actual output and the desired
output.
OVERVIEW

ERROR DETECTOR, CONTROLLER

and
FINAL CORRECTING DEVICE
What is ERROR DETECTOR in the control system ?

 Is an op amp differential amplifier

 Amplifying the voltage difference between the two inputs.
However, its gain cannot be controlled, and it is generally
too high to be of any practical use.
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER ( Op-Amp )
Has two differential inputs and very high gain
1. Vmean represent the measured CO2 concentration
2. Vst pt represent the desired CO2 concentration
Vst pt
j
Vmean
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER ( Op-Amp )

Vst pt = set-point pot/desired unit

 Which is excited by a stable 5-V supply

The voltage gain is determined:

R18 / R15 = 200kΩ/5kΩ=40

The output, Verror is given by:

Verror = A( Vmean – Vst pt )

 Verror is subject to the saturation restriction of the op amp.
For, the supply is 15V it cannot exceed about 13V.
 Applied parallel combination of C9 and R19, once every 3
minutes only, when the Q2 transistor switch is pulsed ON.
 ON pulse duration of 100 ms, which is enough to charge
the 250µF cap to the full value of Verror.
Discharge time constant is given by:

Ʈ=( 4kΩ )( 250µF )=1s

 A combination of C9 –R19
 Q2 turns back OFF after charging C9 to Verror.
 Capacitor voltage (V19) discharges back to zero with 1s
time constant (5s for full discharge).
Figure 12-15b

 Curves represent the discharge behavior of the capacitor

voltage(VC9) for various values of Verror.
 Curves shows a discharge from a positive voltage to zero,
But the actual situation could be a discharge from
negative voltage to zero.
 The polarity of Verror depends on the direction of the
deviation from the set point.
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTROLLER

 Atmosphere control system that has a very long

transportation lag.

Transportation lag-is the delay between the time an input

signal is applied to a system and the time the system reacts
to that input signal. They are often called “dead time”.
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTROLLER

Transportation lag is due to necessity to suck a new

atmosphere sample through the tube leading to the CO2
detector.