Science and Technology Education in The Philippines

Science and
Technology Education
in the Philippines
Part I
By: Alvarado, Trisha Deanne BSBA-MM 2A
Barrios, Isabel Victoria
Bicomong, Nina Francheska
Cuenca, Mikhaela Franchesca
De Leon, Margy Ann
Pre-Colonial Spanish American
Period Contribution Contribution
Present
Japanese
Educational
Contribution
System
Pre-Colonial Period (Before 1521)
• Informal and Unstructured
• The home serves as their school
and parents serves as their
teachers
• Focused more on vocational
than academics
• Tribal Tutors (E.g The Babaylan)
https://www.slideshare.net/FrancisBarcelona/overview-philippine-educational-system?fbclid=IwAR38pEW41kF3Xmjzwx1gDg-
JG2DRhzvlusp_TAiikzpfd169h-KXPCrAtKM
Pre-Colonial Period
Method of Education
“Tell Me” or “Show Me” or
demonstration method
Oral, practical and hands-on
Some communities utilized a
writing system known as
Baybayin
Alibata - composed of 17
symbols representing the
letters of the alphabet
Spanish Period (1565-1898))
• Formal Education – The alibata was replaced by Romanized
Script
• Established schools from Primary Level to Tertiary Level
• Focused on the Christian Doctrines; Music and Arts and Trade
• Separate school for boys and girls.
• College of San Juan de Letran (1630) – oldest existing college for boys in the Philippines.
• College of Santa Isabel (1632) – Oldest existing college for girls
• School for Girls:
• Colegio – Regular schools for girls
• Beaterio – Combined school for nunnery
• Ilustrados were accommodated in the schools.
•Missionary Teachers (Friars)
replaced the Tribal Tutors
•Catholic doctrine schools that
were set up initially became
parochial schools which taught
reading and writing alone with
catechism
•Education Decree of 1863 –
mandated the establishment of
Spanish •There were 3 grades:
Period Entrada, Acenso, and
(1565-1898) Termino
•The curriculum required the
study of Christian doctrine,
values and history as well
as reading and writing in
Spanish, mathematics,
agriculture, etiquette,
singing, world geography
https://www.slideshare.net/FrancisBarcelona/overview-philippine-educational-
system?fbclid=IwAR38pEW41kF3Xmjzwx1gDg-JG2DRhzvlusp_TAiikzpfd169h-KXPCrAtKM
•The Normal School, run
by the Jesuits, was also
established which gave
men the opportunity to
study a three-year teacher
education for the primary
Spanish Period level. Normal schools for
(1565-1898) women teachers were not
established until 1875, in
Nueva Caceres.
https://www.slideshare.net/FrancisBarcelona/overview-philippine-educational-
system?fbclid=IwAR38pEW41kF3Xmjzwx1gDg-JG2DRhzvlusp_TAiikzpfd169h-KXPCrAtKM
Method of Teaching:
a.Catechetical Instruction;
b.Use of Corporal
Punishment;
c.Rote Memorization; and
d.Instruction was in Dialect
Spanish Period (1565-1898)
Roles:
• Parochial schools were led by
• The friars controlled the
Dominicans and Jesuits
educational system
• Establishment of normal
• The missionaries took charge school for male teachers
in teaching, controlling and
under the supervision of the
maintaining the rules and
regulations Jesuits
American Period(1898 – 1935)
• Course of Study: Uniform and
Centralized
• Formal structured and existence of
an educational system
• 1899 – More schools were opened
this time, with 24 English-language
teachers and 4,500 students.
American Contribution (1898 – 1935)
• Act No. 74 – a highly centralized,
experimental public school system was
installed in 1901 by the Philippine
Commission.
• Between 1901 and 1902, the Philippine
Commission authorized the Secretary of
Public Instruction to bring more than 1,000
teachers from the United States who were
called the Thomasites, to the Philippines –
these teachers were scattered throughout
the islands and established barangay
schools.
• The same law (Act No. 74) established the
Philippine Normal School (now known as
Philippine Normal University or PNU) to
train aspiring Filipino Teachers
• The high school system was supported by
provincial governments and included
special educational institutions, schools of
arts and trades, an agriculture schools, and
the commerce and marine institutes, which
were established in 1902 by the Philippine
Commission.
• Act No. 372 – Authorized the
opening of provincial high schools.
• Act No. 1870 – Initiated the opening
of the University of the Philippines
• Act No. 1381 – also known as the
Gabaldon Law (1907), which
provided a fund of a million pesos for
the construction of concrete school
buildings.
Japanese Period (1941-1944)
• Course of Study: Prescribed,
Uniform and Centralized
• 6 Basic Principles of Japanese
Education
Japanese Period (1941-1944)
Philosophy
• Asia for Asians.
• Philippines for the Filipinos.
• Asia is ONE.
1. To stop depending on Western Countries
like the U.S, and Great Britain and to
promote and enrich the Filipino Culture
6 Basic 2. To recognize that the Philippines is a part
of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity
Principles Sphere so that the Philippines and Japan
of will have good relations
3. To be aware of materialism to raise the
Japanese morality of the Filipinos
4. To learn and adopt Nippongo and to stop
Education using the English language
5. To spread elementary and vocational
education
6. To develop love for work
Present Education System in the Philippines
(1946 – Present)
Managed and regulated by the following:
• Department of Education (DepEd) – Elementary and
High School
• Commission on Higher Education (CHED) – Higher
Education; regulates the academically-oriented
universities and colleges
• Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
(TESDA) – Higher Education; oversees the development
of technical and vocational education institutions and
programs in the country.
Education School/Level Grades Age Years
Primary Elementary 1-6 6-12 6
Secondary Secondary 7-10 12-17 4
Vocational Vocational
Tertiary University/College – 11-14 4
Undergraduate Level
Tertiary University/College – Graduate 15-16 2
Level
Tertiary University - Doctoral 17-19 3
https://www.scholaro.com/pro/countries/philippines/education-system?fbclid=IwAR16DUS04E1m4sLUzGJysdOqjK_zymdLQ2J6eDoXz-
hXyZ4PdN_VN4JWq94
K-12 Educational System
• 2013 – Republic Act No. 10533 or the Enhanced Basic
Education Act (EBEA) was signed into law by President
Benigno Aquino III
• K-6-2-2
https://www.slideshare.net/AGHAM/science-technology-and-the-k12-educationprogram
Science and Technology
Education in the Philippines
has been historically weak
• Philippines ranks 70th in

the world (out of 144
countries)
• “Lacks opportunities to
use science skills to
support learners to solve
problems, question,
critique, analyze and
evaluate scientific claims”
• Inadequate science
curriculum which does not
The poor state of promote a strong science
our science and culture
math education can • Shortcomings in teachers’
be attributed to the capacity-building
following causes: • Shortages in basic education
facilities, particularly science
laboratories and equipment.

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