Reading and

Writing Poetry
Content
A. Elements of the genre
C. Other experimental texts
Essential elements
a.1 Theme c.1. typography (genre-
a.2 Tone crossing texts (e.g. prose poem,
a.3 Rhythm performance poetry, etc.)
a.4 Form D. Techniques and literary
a.5 Sound devices (modelling from well-
a.6. Imagery known local and foreign poets)
B. Elements for specific forms
b.1. Conventional forms
(exemplar: short Tagalog poems like
tanaga and diona; haiku; sonnet)
b.2. Free verse
-the line and the line break
-enjambments
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Why Write
Poems?
3
4
What is
Poetry?
5
 What are the
examples of the
conventional poems?

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 What are the
techniques and
elements in making
conventional poems?

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 Poetry is a form of writing that uses
not only words, but also form, patterns
of sound, imagery, and figurative
language to convey the message.

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For others, it is the LANGUAGE of the
soul and the MUSIC of the heart.

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A. Elements
of the Genre

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 Rhythm
 A literary device which demonstrates the long
and short patterns through stressed and
unstressed syllables particularly in verse form.

 It act as beat does in music. The use of rhythm in

poetry arises from the need that some words are
to be produced more strongly than others. They
might be stressed for a longer period of time.

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Rhythm
Example:
Two households, both alike in dignity,
In fair Verona, where we lay our scene
From ancient grudge break to new mutiny.
Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean

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Rhythm
In conventional poems, you can hear the
rhythm in the meter and the rhyme of the
poem.
You will also see the brevity of the poem, as
well as the clarity of the ideas and images in
producing a clear theme. It is also important to
make the images concrete and specific.

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Conventional Poems
In this lesson, we are going to tackle the
elements of meter and rhyme as main
ingredients in a conventional poem.

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Conventional Poems
LITERARY TECHNIQUES: METER (SUKAT)
Meter (Sukat) talks about the number of stanza
(saknong); number of lines (taludtod) in every
stanza; number of syllables (pantig) per line.

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Conventional Poems
LINES
There are three lines (terceto); examples is a diona.
Mayag co sa masiguing 1
Ang malubay na ang aquin 2
Malayo ang madarating. 3

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Conventional Poems
LINES (TALUDTOD)
There are also four lines (quarteto); example is a
tanaga.
Nang ualang birning guinto 1
Doon nagpapalalo 2
Nang magkaguinto guinto 3
Doon nanga songmoco 4

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Conventional Poems
LINES
And dalit:
Cun tubig mo ang yhogas 1
Caloloua cong malibag 2
Lilinis macacatulad 3
Pagcaputi nang busilac 4
- Fray Pedro Herrera

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Conventional Poems
There are also poems that consist of five lines
(quintilla) like the Pasyon which became popular
during the Spanish times and six lines (sextet) which
were used after in Balagtasan.

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Conventional Poems
SYLLABLE (PANTIG)
Gaspar de San Agustin, in his book, Compedio del arte
de la lengua tagala, noticed that the ancient poems of
the Filipinos are consist of seven or eight syllables.
The form awit which was introduced during the
Spanish period, on the hand, is consist of 12 syllables.
This became the popular meter of the poem during
Jose Rizal’s time.

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Conventional Poems
SYLLABLE (PANTIG)
Example: Florante at Laura of Francisco Balagtas
Ma / la / la / king ka / hoy ang i / ni / ha / han/ dog,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Pa / wang da/ lam / ha / ti, ka / ha / pi / sa’t lung / kot
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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Conventional Poems
SYLLABLE (PANTIG)
Example: Florante at Laura of Francisco Balagtas
Pag / hu / ni ng i / bon ay na / ka / lu / lu / nos
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
sa la / long ma / tim / pi’t nag / sa / sa / yang lo /ob
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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Conventional Poems
There are two kinds of meter: even (sukat na pares) or
odd (sukat gansal).
Even – 8, 12, etc.
Odd – 5, 7, etc.

Caesura – a pause near the middle of the line

- break between words in the metrical foot

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Conventional Poems
LITERARY TECHNIQUES: TUGMA (RHYME)

Malakas na katinig = b, k, d, g, p, s, and t

Mahinang katinig = l, m, n, ng, r, w, and y

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Conventional Poems
LITERARY TECHNIQUES: TUGMA (RHYME)
Example 1:
Nakatadhana sa tuos
Ang gawaing pagtatanod:
Ang tatlo ay sunod-sunod;
Sa magdamag walang tulog.

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Conventional Poems
LITERARY TECHNIQUES: TUGMA (RHYME)
Example 2:
Palibhasa’y nahirapan
Nang mga gabing sinundan
Mga mata ma’y sikangan
Antok din ang sumasasal.

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Conventional Poems
LITERARY TECHNIQUES: TUGMA (RHYME)
Example 3:
May lunas na magagawa - maragsa
Kung payapa sa pithaya - malumi
Sa akin ipagtiwala -maragsa
Ang anumang iyong nasa -malumi

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Conventional Poems
LITERARY TECHNIQUES: TUGMA (RHYME)
Example 4:
Magigising sa umaga, - malumay
Katawan mo ay masigla, - mabilis
Kausap na tumatawa - malumay
Ang araw na walang dusa. - malumay

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Conventional Poems
LITERARY TECHNIQUES: TUGMA (RHYME)
Example 4:
Magigising sa umaga, - malumay
Katawan mo ay masigla, - mabilis
Kausap na tumatawa - malumay
Ang araw na walang dusa. - malumay

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Conventional Poems
ANTAS (LEVEL)
There are four levels of rhyme in Filipino poetry:
1.) karaniwan
2.) tudlikan
3.) pantigan
4.) dalisay

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Conventional Poems
Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita - maragsa
mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda,
Kaya ang marapat na pagyamaning kusa, - malumi
Na tulad ng inang tunay na nagpala.
- Herminildo Cruz, “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”

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Conventional Poems
Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita - maragsa
mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda,
Kaya ang marapat na pagyamaning kusa, - malumi
Na tulad ng inang tunay na nagpala.
- Herminildo Cruz, “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”

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Conventional Poems
At yuyurakan na ang lalong dakila ---
Bait, katuwira’y ipanganganyaya;
Buong katungkla’y wawal-ing-bahala,
Sampu ng hininga’y ipauubaya.
-Francisco Balagtas, “Florante at Laura”

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Conventional Poems
Isda ko sa kilaw-kilaw
Di mahuli’t may pataw

Kilaw kilaw at pataw ay malumay at nagtatapos sa aw

Ang huling antas ay dalisay o may iisang tuldik, pareho
ang dalawang huling titik na pantugma, at pareho ang
patinig bago ang huling pantig.

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Conventional Poems
PATTERN (PADRON)
aaaa = tugmaang tradisyonal na panulaang Tagalog
Maaaring mapalitan ng tugmaang dalawahan,
aabb (sunuran), abab (salitan), o abba (inipitan)

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Kinds of Conventional Poems
TANAGA, DALIT, DIYONA
Tanaga = 1 saknong, 4 na taludtod, at 7 pantig sa
bawat taludtod
Dalit = 4 na taludtod sa bawat saknong at 8 pantig
bawat linya
Diyona = 3 taludtod bawat saknong at pitong pantig
bawat linya

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Kinds of Conventional Poems
TANAGA
“Palay”
Ildefonso Santos

Palay siyang matino

Nang humangi’y yumuko,
Ngunit muling tumayo;
Nagkabunga ng ginto.

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Kinds of Conventional Poems
Dalit
Fray Pedro Herrera

Cun tubig mo ang yhogas

Caloloua cong malibag
Lilinis macacatulad
Pagcaputi nang busilac

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Kinds of Conventional Poems
Diyona
“Abaniko ni Bonifacio”
Louise Vincent Amante

Ang abanikong hawak

Matapos iwasiwas
Ay gulok na matalas

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Kinds of Conventional Poems
Haiku – 1 saknong, 3 taludtod, 5-7-5 pantig bawat
taludtod
“Tutubi”
Gonzalo K. Flores

Hila mo’y tabak…

Ang bulaklak, nanginig!
Sa paglapit mo.

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Kinds of Conventional Poems
SONETO
Tulang may 14 na linya
3 uri: Italyano o Petrarchan, Ingles o Shakesperean at
Spenserian
Petrarchan (2 parts) : octave and sestet
× Octave (first part) – abba abba
× Sestet (second part) – cdc cde, cdc cdc, o cde dce

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Kinds of Conventional Poems
SONETO
Shakespearean
• 4 na bahagi (abab cdcd efef gg)
Spenserian (mixture of Petrarchan and
Shakesperean)
× abab bcbc cdcd ee

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JOURNAL ENTRIES

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JOURNAL ENTRY NO. 3
OCT. 24 – THURS
A poet approaches you…
1. What subject do you wish the poet to write?
2. What type of poem would you like the poet
to write for you?
3. How can the poet make the poem
memorable for you?

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JOURNAL ENTRY NO. 4
OCT. 25 - FRIDAY
Rank our first six poems according to
your preference. Your favorite ranked #1 ;
your least like ranked #6. Indicate why.

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JOURNAL ENTRY NO. 5
OCT. 25 – FRIDAY
FIGURATIVE IMAGES
Record at least one figurative image in
the six poems: Self-Portrait, To Old Age,
Poetry, Black Stone Lying on A White Stone,
I’ve Never Kept Sheep and Ghazal.

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REMINDER:

Make an advance
reading of the
poems and search
about the poet’s life.
You may also start
analyzing the
poems.
And tables to
compare data
A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

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 Maps

our office

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89,526,124$
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Our process is easy

first second last

57
Let’s review some
concepts
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet and
green on the optical
spectrum.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet and
green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
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