PORT RELATED POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS

ON ENVIRONMENT
• Oil and Hydrocarbons
Sources : Industrial effluent, Dry docking and repairing operations, accidental spillage of fuel oil, bilge water,
ballast water, Terminal and refinery inputs

Effects : Badly affects marine wildlife, Tainting of fish Shellfish tissue vulnerability, Tarball formation

• Oxygen demanding waste

Sources : Sewage outfalls within port and from ships, Agricultural and industrial riverine input, Fishing
related waste, Gull colonies.

Effects : Organic decay giving rise to smelly and toxic hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and methane,
Migratory salmonids will not travel through low oxygen water, seagull dropping reduce oxygen
and introduce virus and bacteria
 PORT RELATED POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS
ON ENVIRONMENT
• Litter and Garbage
Sources : Discharges from marine transport and port, construction work and riverine inputs

Effects : Unsightly and health risks as it encourages rats and gulls, Danger to marine wildlife and harbor
activities

• Heavy Metals
Sources : Riverine inputs, Effluents, Anti fouling paints, Chemical spillages, Dredging disturbances

Effects : Metals can be toxic and this cause abnormalities in bio accumulators like algea and shellfish

• Solid inorganic
Sources : Riverine inputs, Construction work, Dredging, ship propeller disturbances

Effects : Water clarity is affected, Badly affects marine flora and fauna
 PORT RELATED POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS
ON ENVIRONMENT
• Persistent Pollutants
Sources : PCB like persistent organic compounds in effluents.

Effects : Maybe toxic, carcinogenic or harmless based on the compound, Affects the marine flora and fauna

• Nutrients (Nitrates and phosphates)

Sources : Riverine inputs from agricultural runoff, Effluents.

Effects : Algal blooms and Europhication

• Atmospheric Pollutants
Sources : Exhaust emission, Reefer units, Construction works, Volatile organic carbon compounds.

Effects : Poor air quality, Greenhouse effect, Oxides of sulphar and nitrogen cause acidification.
 PORT RELATED POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS
ON ENVIRONMENT
• Noise
Sources : Virtually all activities especially repair, and construction works

Effects : Health threat and nuisance

• Odour
Sources : Cargo/material storage, leakage, disposals.

Effects : Local nuisance with toxic consequences