Community Health Nursing

EXPANDED PROGRAM
FOR IMMUNIZATION
BCG-Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
OPV-Oral Polio Vaccine

Group 1-Cluster 1
 VACCINE SCHEDULE DOSAGE FREQUENCY REMARKS
ROUTE

Bacillus Given within 0.05 mL of Intradermal Once -Inject the vaccine

Calmette- 24 hours the vaccine injection in the same place
Guerin after birth for infants *Upper for each child to
(BCG) less than 1 right arm make it easy to
year and in top layer find the BCG scar
0.1 mL for of the skin subsequently.
greater – If the injection
than 1 year is correctly
performed an
“orange-skin”
papule, measuring
5-8 mm in
diameter at the
injection site.
 REMARKS

• Immunosuppression. BCG
vaccination should not be
given to persons who are
immunosuppressed (e.g.,
persons who are HIV
infected) or who are likely
to become
immunocompromised (e.g.,
persons who are candidates
for organ transplant).

• Pregnancy. BCG
vaccination should not be
given during pregnancy.
Even though no harmful
effects of BCG vaccination
on the fetus have been
observed, further studies
are needed to prove its
safety.
 REMARKS

• Powder: between 2 °C
and 8 °C. Freezing is
possible but unnecessary
• Diluent: a cold chain is
not required for storage.
However, at least 12 hours
before reconstitution of the
vaccine, the diluent must
be refrigerated between 2
°C and 8 °C so that the
diluent and lyophilised
powder are at the same
temperature: a temperature
difference during
reconstitution may reduce
vaccine efficacy. Do not
freeze.
• Reconstituted vaccine:
between 2 °C and 8 °C
for 4 hours maximum.
Bacillus calmette-
guerin
BENEFITS OF BCG
• The BCG vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis (TB) has a bigger
role in protecting children than previously thought, according to
an international study led by investigators at Imperial College
London and published in the American Journal of Respiratory
and Critical Care Medicine. BCG was understood to prevent
severe illness from tuberculosis, but not to prevent infection with
TB bacteria.
• Numerous efficacy trials indicate that BCG has 60-80%
protective efficacy against severe forms of tuberculosis in
children, particularly meningitis.
• Its efficacy when given to adults against pulmonary diseases
varies geographically probably because of previous mycobacteria
infection when BCG is given.
 DURATION OF PROTECTION
• Duration of protection is not known and decreases over time.
• According to study of London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine in 2017, the BCG offers protection for at least 20 years
SIDE EFFECTS
• Very common side effect (affecting 9 out of 10 people):
• -Hardness at the injection site, followed by a raised blister.
• -Uncommon side effects (affecting up to 1 in 100 people at each dose):
• -Headache and a raised temperature (fever)
• -An ulcer which develops from the blister at the injection site, two to
six weeks after injection. This may be painful and take several weeks
or months to heal fully.
• -Swelling of lymph nodes in the armpit larger than 1 cm across
• -An enlarged lymph node that becomes infected (lymphadenitis)
• Rare side effects (affecting up to 1 in 1000 people at each dose):
• -More severe skin reactions. These usually heal within a few weeks.
• -Bone inflammation (osteitis or osteomyelitis)
• -An abscess at the injection site
 VACCINE SCHEDULE DOSAGE ROUTE FREQUENC REMARKS
Y

Oral Polio For children: 2 drops for Oral 3 times -The person
Vaccine 1st dose - 6 each doses (every should not
(OPV) weeks of age after 4 get/receive OPV if
2nd dose - 10 the person getting
weeks)
weeks of age the vaccine has
3rd dose - 14 any severe, life-
weeks of age threatening
allergies.
-Children known
to have rare
congenital immune
deficiency
syndromes should
receive IPV rather
than OPV
Oral polio
vaccine
BENEFITS OF OPV
• OPVs are safe and effective and offer long
lasting protection against the serotype(s) which
they target. OPV stimulates good mucosal
immunity, which is why it is so effective at
interrupting transmission of the virus.
• OPVs are easy to administer in mass
vaccination campaigns.
DURATION OF PROTECTION
• it is not known how long people who received OPV will be
immune to poliovirus, but they are most likely protected for
many years after a complete series of OPV
SIDE EFFECTS
• None. OPV is safe, effective and is the essential tool
available to protect all children against polio. It has no
common side effects and has been used all over the world to
protect children against polio. Less than 1% of people who
receive the vaccine develop
• headache
• diarrhea
• muscle pain
 LEARNING CONTENT STRATEGI RESOURC EVALUATION
OUTCOMES ES ES

After 15 minutes of
discussion about the
vaccines- BCG and
OPV, the BSN II-A
learners were able
to:

a. define BCG and 1. Description and Lecture Laptop, Recitation,

OPV with background of BCG Dicussion Wifi, Paper and
comprehensiveness and OPV Projector pencil test

b. recognize the 2. The schedule,

schedule, dosage, dosage, route of
route of administration,
administration, frequency and
frequency and remarks of BCG and
remarks of the BCG OPV
and OPV
 LEARNING CONTENT STRATEGI RESOURC EVALUATION
OUTCOMES ES ES

c. State the benefits, 3. Benefits, duration

duration of of protection and
protection and side side effects of BCG
effects of BCG and and OPV
OPV to the Filipino
people