Biodiversity the variety of life in the world or

in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Biodiversity is the variability among living

organisms from all sources, including
terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic
ecosystems and the ecological complexes of
which they are part; this includes diversity
within species, between species, and of
ecosystems.
A species is often defined as a group of
individuals that actually or potentially
interbreed in nature. ...

The definition of a species as a group of

interbreeding individuals cannot be easily
applied to organisms that reproduce only or
mainly asexually. Also, many plants, and some
animals, form hybrids in nature.
A diversity index is a quantitative measure that
reflects how many different types (such as
species) there are in a dataset (a community),
and simultaneously takes into account how
evenly the basic entities (such as individuals)
are distributed among those types.
TWO METHODS OF MEASURING BIODIVERSITY
Extinction of specie is a result of:
a.Failure to adapt to the environment
b.Failure to survive in a given condition
(drought)
c.Failure to reproduce among its own species
(cross breeding)
Adaptation is a process where an organism
able to fit to the given environment and to the
nature way of cycle.

Adapt means "to change for a new situation."

Adopt usually means "to take something
legally as your own."
Categories of Species Extinction: An Introduction
 Extinct in the Wild – if the individual species remain alive in
captivity or in other human-controlled situations.

PANGOLIN

PALAWAN PEACOCK PHEASANT

BLEEDING HEART DOVE

PILANDOK VISAYAN WARTY PIG
 Locally Extinct – if individual members of a species are no
longer found in an area it once inhabited but are still found
elsewhere in the wild.
PYGMY FRUIT BAT
COCKATOO

FLYING LEMUR

TUBE – NOSED
FRUIT BAT

MINDORO
FOREST MOUSE
 Globally Extinct – when the members of a species can no
longer be found anywhere on Earth.

Considered to be evil creatures, and kept by witches, the local population aggressively
hunted them and killed them out to drive the evil from their lands.
One of the most recent ones, the Puma was last seen only 80 years ago and died
out due to, you guessed it, hunting and trapping. It started back in the 1700’s as
a sort of pest control, as they blamed them for the death of the local’s livestock.
An animal resembling a mix between a horse and a zebra. Unfortunately it died
out due to excessive hunting, and while some were taken into captivity in zoos,
the zoos didn’t know they were rare until they completely died out.
Related to kangaroos more than cats, the Tasmanian tiger was hunted
aggressively with a bounty on each one, as Europeans believed that the
creature was eating their livestock, dooming the animal.
Their horns thought to have medicinal powers, the animals were poached and
hunted until they completely died out. There were some protection attempts for
the rhino, but unfortunately it was too late.
The most famous one on the list, the dodo was a small flightless bird that got
extinct 100 years after its discovery. Due to the importation of cats, dog, and
macaques, the bird became easy prey to cats and dogs, besides hunters, and
the macaques ate the dodo’s eggs, killing them out completely in a short time.
Said to be so many that it would take a few minutes till all the birds passed by,
when flocks flew overhead. The pigeon was hunted due to its abundance, and
was sold very cheap as food for slaves in North America. They were completely
wiped out due to the hunting by the thousands at their breeding areas sometimes
killing 50,000 birds in a day. They were extinct in a century.
 Ecologically Extinct – when a species persists at such
reduced numbers that its effect on the other species in
its community is negligible.
The Holocene extinction/Anthropogenic extinction, otherwise
referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is
the ongoing extinction event of species during the present
Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity.
 CAUSES OF ANTHROPOGENIC EXTINCTION

 Habitat Destruction is the process in which natural

habitat is rendered unable to support the species
present. In this process, the organisms that previously
used the site are displaced or destroyed, reducing
biodiversity.
 In the Philippines, deforestation is a leading cause of
habitat destruction.
 Habitat degradation is the destruction or loss of
quality of the resources and necessities of a population
or ecosystem.
 Biological communities can be damaged, and species
may be driven to extinction by external factors that do
not change the structure of dominant plants in the
community.
 Bottom trawling is trawling (towing a trawl, which is a
fishing net) along the sea floor.
 It is also referred to as "dragging". ... Bottom trawling
can be contrasted with midwater trawling (also known
as pelagic trawling), where a net is towed higher in the
water column.
 Banning this method can give “breathing space” to our
seas; it can also aloe many, marine species to recover.
 Pesticides can be found in the air we breathe, the food
we eat, and the water we drink. ... These pesticides are
the only toxic substances released intentionally into our
environment to kill living things: to kill weeds
(herbicides), insects (insecticides), fungus (fungicides),
rodents (rodenticides), and others.
 Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is used to kill
insects.
 Eutrophication has a disastrous effect on the
environment because it may lead to the deaths of
organisms because of the lack of oxygen.
 Conservation Categories of Species

 The International Union for Conservation of Nature

and Natural Resources (IUCN) is the international
agency that monitors Earth’s biodiversity.
 It has designed different categories for different
concerns regarding biodiversity.