Reservoir Fluid Analysis

Arasy Az Zariat
Natural Gas Properties
Properties of Natural Gas
9 Essential natural gas properties :
1. Apparent molecular weight, Ma
2. Specific gravity, γg
3. Compressibility factor, z
4. Density, ρg
5. Specific volume, v
6. Isothermal gas compressibility coefficient, cg
7. Gas formation volume factor, Bg
8. Gas expansion factor, Eg
9. Viscosity, μg

The above gas properties may be obtained from direct laboratory

measurements or by prediction from generalized mathematical
expressions.
IDEAL GAS
• The kinetic theory of gases : gases are composed of a very large
number of particles called molecules

• For an ideal gas, the volume of these molecules is insignificant

compared with the total volume occupied by the gas.

• Assumed that these molecules have no attractive or repulsive forces

between them, and that all collisions of molecules are perfectly elastic
IDEAL GAS
Boyle’s Equation
Volume of ideal gas is inversely proportional to pressure for a given mass
of gas at constant temperature

Charles’s Equation
Volume of ideal gas is directly proportional to temperature for a given
mass of gas at constant pressure

Avogadro’s Law
Under constant Pressure and Temperature, equal volumes of all ideal
gases contain the same number of molecules which means one
molecular weight of any ideal gas occupies the same volume as one
molecular of any other gas. There are 2.73 x 1026 molecules per 1 lb mole
of ideal gas.
IDEAL GAS
EQUATION OF STATE FOR IDEAL GAS

Famously known as :
The Ideal Gas Law or The General Gas Law or The Perfect Gas
Law
IDEAL GAS LAW

The number of pound-moles of gas, i.e., n, is defined as the weight of

the gas m divided by the molecular weight M
Practice
Practice
Solution
 IDEAL GAS MIXTURE
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
• Total Pressure of a mixture of gas is equal to sum of pressure exerted by
its components
• Pressure exerted by each component is called Partial Pressure
• Partial pressure in gas mixture is equal to the pressure the component
exert if it present alone in the same volume occupied by the gas mixture
• Considering a mixture containing 3 component of A,B, and C :

If,
Practice

Solution
REAL GAS MIXTURE
Amagat’s Law of Partial Pressures
• Total volume of gas mixture is equal to the sum of pure components
volume at the same pressure and temperature
• Volume occupied by the individual components is called Partial Volume
(1/9) Apparent Molecular Weight of Ideal Gas Mixture

If yi represents the mole fraction of the ith component in a gas

mixture, the apparent molecular weight is defined
mathematically by the following equation:
Practice
Solution
(2/9) Standard Volume of Ideal Gas Mixture

The standard volume is then defined as the volume of gas

occupied by 1 lb-mol of gas at standard conditions. These
reference conditions are usually 14.7 psia and 60°F, and are
commonly referred to as standard conditions.
(3/9) Density of Ideal Gas Mixture

The density of an ideal gas mixture is calculated by simply replacing

the molecular weight of the pure component in Ideal Gas Law with
the apparent molecular weight of the gas mixture to give
Practice
Calculate density of methane at 1000 psia and 68oF in a cyclinder
with volume of 3.2 ft3, assuming methane is an ideal gas

Solution
(3/9) Specific Volume of Ideal Gas Mixture

The specific volume is defined as the volume occupied by a unit

mass of the gas.
(4/9) Specific Gravity of Ideal Gas Mixture

The specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the gas density to

that of the air. Both densities are measured or expressed at the
same pressure and temperature.

Assuming that the behavior of both the

gas mixture and the air is described by
the ideal gas equation
Practice
Solution
Practice
A gas well is producing gas with a specific gravity of 0.65 at a rate of
1.1 MMscf/day. The average reservoir pressure and temperature are
1,500 psi and 150°F. Calculate:
a. Apparent molecular weight of the gas
b. Gas density at reservoir conditions
c. Flow rate in lb/day
Solution
GROUP HOME WORK 4
GROUP HOME WORK 4
REFERENCE

• Reservoir Engineering Hand book - Ahmed T. 4th Edition

• The Properties of Petroleum Fluid - Mc Cain