UNDERSTANDING

THE SELF
Prepared by: Ms. Marlyn S. Lita, LPT

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 SELF- consists of person’s
conscious and unconscious
aspects, their personality,
cognitions/thoughts and feelings

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 EXAMPLE:
• Consciousness of your own
identity
• The qualities that make one
individual or unique

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 2 KINDS OF SELF
Real- who you are
Ideal- who you want to be

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 Basic Concept of
Physique

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 Centered on the abdomen and the
whole digestive system…
ENDOMORPHY

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 Focused on the muscles and the
circulatory system
MESOMORPHY

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 Related to the brain and nervous
system
ECTOMORPHY

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 TEMPERAMENT TYPES

CHARACTERISTICS EXTREME
Endotonia In the love of relaxation, Friendliness, eat, digest
comfort, food and people and socialize

Mesotonia Centered on assertiveness Action, focus on muscles

and a love of action

Ectotonia Focus on privacy, restraint Reflection, finely tuned

and highly developed self- receptive system
awareness

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 REMEMBER…

Self is a complex psychological

process influenced by learning and
is SUBJECT TO CHANGE!

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 NATURE OF
DEVELOPMENT

Growth- quantitative, increase

in size and structure
Development- qualitative,
progressive series

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 SELF THROUGH
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES

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 SOCRATES
• Focus on the problem of the self
• The true task of the philosopher is to know oneself
• “The unexamined life is not worth living”
• To engage men and women of Athens to question
their presuppositions
• Socrates serve as gadfly that disturbed Athenian
• “To live but die inside”
• Dualistic- composed of body and soul

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 PLATO
• 3 Components of Self
1. Rational- reason and intellect to govern
human person
2. Spirited- in charge of emotions should be
kept at a bay
3. Appetitive- in charge of basic desires
• If all 3 work together persons soul
becomes just and virtuous

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 AUGUSTINE
• Man is bifurcated nature
• Man dwells in the world and is imperfect and
continuously yearns to be with Divine and the
other is capable of reaching immortality
• Body is bound to die
• Soul is anticipate living eternally
• Self presentation + self realization= INNER PEACE

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 THOMAS AQUINAS
• Man is composed of 2 parts
1. Matter- common stuff that makes up
everything in the universe
2. Form- essence of a substance or thing
• What makes man different is his SOUL and
ESSENCE
• “The soul is what animates the body, it is
what make us humans”

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 RENE DESCARTES
• Having a body and mind
• Mental operations- understand, affirm,
denies, refuses, imagine
• Rational means being reasonable
• “I think therefore I am”
• Self is combination of 2 distinct entities
1. COGITO- thing that thinks
2. EXTENZE- extension of the mind or body

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 DAVID HUME
• Self is nothing else but a bundle of
impressions
• Empricist- one who believes what comes
from the senses and experiences
• Empricism- school of thought that
espouses the idea that knowledge can
only be possible if it is sensed and
experienced

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 DAVID HUME
• Impression- basic object of our
experiences
• Ideas- copies of impression
• Example: Touching an ice cube
*Impression- cold sensation (product of
direct experience)
*Idea- copy of impression

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 GILBERT RYLE
• What truly matters is the behavior
that a person manifest

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 “YOU ALONE ARE ENOUGH.
YOU HAVE NOTHING TO
PROVE TO ANYONE.”
-Maya Angelou

ARAL MABUTI MGA BIBI! 

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