WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY(DARSHAN)?

Philosophy is the discipline concerned with questions of

how one should live (ethics); what sort of things exists and
what are their essential nature (metaphysics ); what count as
genuine knowledge (epistemology) and what are the correct
principles of reasoning (logic).
 Shat Darshan-

Indian Philosophy has six darshanas called Shat Darshan.

1. Purva Mimansa
2. Vedanta
3. Nyaya
4. Vaisheshika
5. Sankhya
6. Yoga
 Yoga: An Introduction

Origin – Yoga is originated from Veda,oldest scripture of

India (4000 B.C.) and systematically presented by Sage
Patanjali in Yogasutra in around 150 B.C.

Founder- Hiranyagarbha is the founder of Yoga.

Sage Patanjali – Patanjali, an Indian Sage is the compiler

of Yoga Science. He wrote ‘Yogasutra’ containing 195
verses divided into 4 chapters.
 Yoga definition

According to Yogasutra of Patanjali-

“योगश्चित्तवृश्चत्तश्चिरोधः”
“Yoga is the restraint of the activities of the mind.”
According to Bhagvad Gita –
“समत्वं योग उच्यते”
“Eveness (of mind) is Yoga”(2/48)
“ योग: कममसु कौशलम्”
“Yoga is skillfullness in action”(2/50)
 Philosophy of Yoga

The Philosophy of Yoga present the world as an illusion

(Maya) . According to Yoga philosophy there is only one
SELF- infinite, unchanging and formless i.e. Brahma and the
main focus should be to establish a union between individual
and universal SELF which can ultimately bring liberation from
all pain and suffering.
PHILOSOPHY CONTINUES…..

OBJECT Mirror Image

(Brahma) (Maya) (Jeeva)

1+1=3
3-1=1
 Yoga Sutra

•Text written by Patanjali on the theory and practice of

Yoga with greater emphasis on practice .
•Written in the SUTRA- Aphoristic form of short,sharp
and clear statements.
•Consists of 4 chapters and 195 Aphorisms -

1. Samadhi Pada – chapter on meditation

2. Sadhana Pada – chapter on practice
3. Vibhooti Pada – chapter on powers or siddhis
4. Kaivalya Pada – chapter on realisation or liberation.
Aim of Yoga-

‘chitta vritti nirodha’

योगश्चित्तवृश्चत्तश्चिरोधः
Types of Chitta(mind)-

a) Mudha – Mind is dull and listess

b)Ksipta – Person is highly agitated and unable to think
,listen or keep quiet.
c) Viksipta – Mind receives information but unable to
process as it oscillates in confusion.
d)Ekagra- Mind is relaxed but not sleepy; prerequisite
to meditation.
e) Nirodha- Mind is not distracted by random thought;
occur in meditation.
Klesha of Chitta – There are 5 klesha of
chitta –
Modification of chitta
Astanga Yoga
 Education according to Yoga –

• Education should be mixture of Purusa and Prakriti

Aims- Sadhya Uddhesya

Sadhna Uddhesya
Curriculum-

1. Samadhi Pada – chapter on meditation

2. Sadhana Pada – chapter on practice
3. Vibhooti Pada – chapter on powers or siddhis
4. Kaivalya Pada – chapter on realisation or liberation.

Method of teaching-

I. Sutra method
II. Lecture method
III. Pratyaksha method
IV. Analysis and synthesis method
V. Sravan,Manana,Niddhidhyasanam.
VI. Practice and activity method

Discipline- Discipline to attain Nirvana.

 Refrences-

https://en.wikipedia.org
https://www.slideshare.net
Sharma , Chandradhar ; A Critical Survey of
Indian Philosophy(2003)