LINGUISTICS INTERFERENCE : CODE SWITCHING AND

CODE MIXING

AZZAH GAYATRI MAHESWARI (16321040)

DWINDAH MAR’AH SHOOLIHAH (16321041)
DHEVY REKNO DINOLI (16321050)
 Definition of Interference

Based on Suwito theory, essentially interference is language elements using

into other languages which occur in the speakers themselves.

E.g “ I don’t want the same thing to repeat twice” .

“ I don’t want to repeat something twice”.
 Type of Interference

• Interference can occur when one vocabulary interferens with other.

Lexical • E.g Dalam pembuktian kita perlu melakukan cross check.

• Interference may involve the use of grammatical patterns of one language

Grammatical in another.
• He go to school everyday – He goes to school everyday

• The problem of interference concerns the manner in which a speaker

Phonological perceives and reproduces the sounds of one language in terms of another.
• mBandung, nDepok, ngGombong

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 Definition of Code switching

Myers-Scotton (2006, p.239) stated that code switching is the use of

two language varieties in the same conversation.

E.g When we have a friend who has different dialect. When we

speak to her we use second language that she understand.
 Definition of Code mixing

Mackey (1985: 65) states that Code Mixing is one characteristic of language
dependence.

E.g When we speak to other sometimes we mix it.

The Function of Code Switching - Code Mixing

The function is just when we use two or more languages as a variant language in
1 speech community.

The first of these is the notion that a speaker may not be able to express him/herself in
2 one language
.

Secondly, switching commonly occurs when an individual wishes to express

3 solidarity with a particular social group.

Thirdly, for the switching behavior is the alteration that occurs when the speaker
4 wishes to convey his/her attitude to the listener.

5 They want to expressed to the listener, it relation to the situation and the topic.
 TYPE OF CODE MIXING
Intra-Lexical mixing
The concept of insertion is defined as
insertion of material such as lexical
items or entire constituents from one
language into a structure from the
other language. According to Muysken
(2000), approaches that depart from
the notion of insertion view the
constraints in terms of the structural
properties of some base or matrix
structure. Here the process of code-
mixing is conceived as something akin
to borrowing: the insertion of an alien
lexical of phrasal.
Involving a change of
pronounciation
Approaches departing from alternation
(associated with the Poplack (1980)) view
the constraints on mixing in terms of the
compatibility or equivalence of the
languages involved at the switch point
(Muysken, 2000). Conjunctions and
appositions are incorporated through
adjunction rather than insertion (2000).
Verbs are often incorporated through
adjunction to a helping verb. Language
alternation is a normal, common, and
important aspect of bilingualism (Grosjean,
1982; Pennington, 1995).
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Intra sentential
The notion of congruent lexicalization
underlies the study of style shifting and
dialect/standard variation, as in the work of
Labov (1972) and Trudgill (1986), rather
than bilingual language use proper
(Muysken, 2000). Congruent lexicalization
is akin to language variation and style
shifting: switching is grammatically
unconstrained and can be characterized in
terms of alternative lexical insertions.
Linguistic convergence feeds into congruent
lexicalization and the two processes may
reinforce each other. Some cases of word-
internal mixing can be viewed as congruent
lexicalization (2000: 221).
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 TYPE OF CODE SWITCHING

INTER SENTETIAL INTRA SENTENTIAL TAG SWICTHING

Tag-switching is the switching of
Intersentential (or inter- Intrasentential codeswitching either a tag phrase or a word, or
sentential) the alternation in a refers to a type of codeswitching: both, from one language to
single discourse between two the alternation in a single another, (common in intra-
languages, where the switching discourse between two sentential switches)
occurs after a sentence in the languages, where the switching
first language has been occurs within a sentence.
completed and the next
sentence starts with a new
language

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 THANK YOU

It always seems impossible

until it’s done.

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