Early astronomers

Done by: Mohamed Murtada

THE FIRST ASTRONOMER IS PTOLEMY
Ptolemy, Latin in full Claudius (fl.
AD 127-145, Alexandria), ancient
astronomer, geographer, and
mathematician who considered the
Earth the center of the universe (the
"Ptolemaic system"). Virtually
nothing is known about his life.
Things that were discovered by Ptolemy
 Ptolemy made contributions to astronomy,
mathematics, geography, musical theory, and
optics. He compiled a star catalog and the earliest
surviving table of a trigonometric function and
established mathematically that an object and its
mirror image must make equal angles to a mirror.
The second astronomer is aristotle
 Aristotle (c. 384 B.C. to 322 B.C.) was
an Ancient Greek philosopher and
scientist who is still considered one of
the greatest thinkers in politics,
psychology and ethics. ... In 335,
Aristotle founded his own school, the
Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent
most of the rest of his life studying,
teaching and writing.
Things that were discovered by Aristotle
 His most important treatises include Physics,
Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics, Politics, On the
Soul and Poetics. Aristotle studied and made
significant contributions to "logic, metaphysics,
mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics,
politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre.
 THE THIRD ASTRONOMER IS NICHOLAS
 Nicolaus Copernicus was an
astronomer who proposed a heliocentric
system, that the planets orbit around the
Sun; that Earth is a planet which, besides
orbiting the Sun annually, also turns once
daily on its own axis; and that very slow
changes in the direction of this axis
account for the precession of the
equinoxes.
Things that were discovered by nicholas

 That the Sun is at rest near the center of the

Universe, and that the Earth, spinning on its axis
once daily, revolves annually around the Sun. This is
called the heliocentric, or Sun-centered, system.
The fourth astronomer is tycho
 Tycho Brahe, (born December
14, 1546, Knudstrup, Scania,
Denmark—died October 24,
1601, Prague), Danish
astronomer whose work in
developing astronomical
instruments and in measuring
and fixing the positions of stars
paved the way for future
discoveries.
Things that were discovered by Tycho
 Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer who believed in
the geocentric view of the universe.
 From his island, Brahe was able to study the stars and
identified 1,000 fixed stars in the night sky.
 Brahe used armillary spheres and created mathematical
tables used for centuries by astronomers.
the fifth astronomer is galileo
 Galileo discovered four of
Jupiter's moons almost four
hundred years ago. Galileo
Galilei was an Italian physicist
and astronomer. He was born in
Pisa on February 15, 1564. ...
Later that same year, he
became the first person to look
at the Moon through a telescope
and make his first astronomy
discovery.
Things that were discovered by galileo
 Craters and mountains on the Moon. The Moon's
surface was not smooth and perfect as received
wisdom had claimed but rough, with mountains and
craters whose shadows changed with the position of
the Sun. ...
 The phases of Venus. ...
 Jupiter's moons. ...
 The stars of the Milky Way. ...
 The first pendulum clock.
 the sixth astronomer is Johannes
 Johannes Kepler, (born December 27,
1571, Weil der Stadt, Württemberg
[Germany]—died November 15, 1630,
Regensburg), German astronomer who
discovered three major laws of planetary
motion, conventionally designated as
follows: (1) the planets move in elliptical
orbits with the Sun at one focus
Things that were discovered by johanness
 He found that each of the five Platonic solids could
be inscribed and circumscribed by spherical orbs;
nesting these solids, each encased in a sphere,
within one another would produce six layers,
corresponding to the six known planets—Mercury,
Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
 Died: November 15, 1630, Regensburg
 Works written: Astronomia nova, Harmonices ...
 Born: December 27, 1571
 Profession: Astronomer, Mathematician
the seventh astronomer is sir isaac
 Isaac Newton was a physicist and
mathematician who developed the
principles of modern physics, including
the laws of motion and is credited as one
of the great minds of the 17th-century
Scientific Revolution. ... In 1705, he was
knighted by Queen Anne of England,
making him Sir Isaac Newton.
 Birth Date: January 4, 1643
 Death Date: March 31, 1727
Things that were discovered by Sir Isaac

 Besides his work on universal gravitation

(gravity), Newton developed the three laws
of motion which form the basic principles
of modern physics. His discovery of
calculus led the way to more powerful
methods of solving mathematical problems.
Thank You