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Acid and Salt Equilibria
Acid and Salt Equilibria
• On what factors does [H+] depend on? Clearly, the pH of a buffer solution depends on
Ka and on the ratio of the concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
• When the amounts of the weak acid and its conjugate base is equal, pH will greatly
depend on Ka. Therefore, choose a conjugate weak acid-weak base pair in which the
value of Ka of the weak acid is close to the desired pH.
• Which buffer system should you use if the desired pH is 4? 7? 10?
• As a rule, the pKa of the weak acid should be within ±1 unit front eh
desired pH.
• Follow the steps below:
• a) Determine the concentration of the solution (if not given) and the Ka
(from standard Ka list)
• b) Write the balanced dissociation equation for the acid dissolving in water.
• c) Write the equilibrium expression for the acid.
• d) Make an ICE (initial concentration, change in concentration and
concentration at equilibrium) table.
• e) Using the Ka expression in C, solve for [H3O+]
• f) Calculate the pH of the solution.
• What is the pH of a 0.50 M acetic acid? (Ka=1.8 x 10-5)
• Calculate the pH of 6x10-3 M NH3 solution. (pKb=4.74)
• Ka=1.8 x 10-5
• What is the pH of the solution containing 0.20 M NH3 and 0.15 M
NH4Cl?
• Given: [NH3]=0.20 (conjugate base)
• [NH4Cl]= 0.15 (weak acid)
• pKa=9.25 (forNH4+, from the table)
Solubility Product Constant
• The equilibrium expression for solubility product constant is
straightforward.
• The ratio of Sn2+ and OH¯ is one-to-two. For every Sn2+ dissolves, we
get twice that amount of OH¯.
• Representing it mathematically, 'x' Sn2+ gives '2x' OH¯.
• We can use Ksp to compute for solubility of ions, and vice versa.
• 1. Write the equilibrium expression for Ksp of the following:
• a. GaBr3
• b. PbI2
• c. Al2O3
• d. Ca3(PO4)2
• e. Co(OH)2
• f. BaCO3
• g. Mg(OH)2
• Solubility product constant (Ksp) is the product of the dissolved ion
concentrations raised to the power of their stoichiometric
coefficients.
• When the concentration of ions is high, the salt has high solubility,
and Ksp is also high.
• Ksp values are based on saturated solutions where equilibrium has
been reached. Unsaturated solutions don't have Ksp values because
they are not at equilibrium.
• The ratio of the ions in the Ksp expression will be used in the
computation of solubility of ions.
• Compute the Ksp of Ag2S if a saturated solution contains
• [S-2] = 2.92 x10-17.
• Step 1: Write the reaction describing the dissolution.
• Ag2S (s) —> 2 Ag^+ (aq) + S^-2 (aq)
• Step 2: Determine the concentration of each ion.
• The ratio of Ag+ to S-2 is 2:1. Therefore,
• [Ag+1] = 2(2.92 x10-17) [
• S-2] = 2.92 x10-17
• Step 3: Write solubity product constant expression. Ksp =[Ag+1]2[S-2]
• Step 4: Substitute the values. Ksp= (5.84x10-17)2 (2.92x10-17) Ksp = 9.96
x10-50
Seatwork
1.Consider the reaction:
• PbSO4 (s) —> Pb2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq).
• The measured Pb2+ in the saturated solution is 2.0 x 10-5 M. Find
the value of Ksp.
2. The Ksp of silver bromide is 3.2 10-13. Calculate the molar solubility
of the ions present in the resulting solution.
AgBr (s) —> Ag+ (aq) + Br- (aq)