(Lecture #

1)

HISTORY OF ENGINEERING
&
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING
 Industrial Revolutions

Relation with Relation with

2
Textiles Garments
Industrial Revolutions

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SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN IE
  In 1798, received
government contract to make
10,000 muskets
 Showed that machine tools
could make standardized
parts to exact specifications
 Musketparts could be used in
any musket

ELI WHITNEY
Video of
T- model
‘’Our Duty is to study the
motions and to reduce them as
rapidly as possible to standard
set of least in number, least in
fatigue, yet most effective 7
motions’’ ( Gilberth, 1911)
 Great Philosophy of Quality
Deming (1900-1993)
Meeting the customer
needs

Joshep Juran (1904-2008) Fitness for Use

Continuous
Ishakawa (1915-1989)
Improvement

Feigenbaum (1922-2014) Customer satisfaction

Conformance to
Philip Crossby (1926-
2001) requirement
 CHRONOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING

 F. B. Gilbreth – analysis, measurement of

fundamental motions – ‘reach’, ‘grasp’ and ‘transport’
 H. L. Gantt – Gantt chart – systematic graphical tool
for preplanning and scheduling activities, reviewing
progress, and updating schedule
 W. A. Shewhart – fundamental principles of quality
control in 1924
 Industrial engineering developed as a profession
based on “science” rather than “art”
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 CONTINUING…….

 The history of IE is spread on the overlapping periods of

 Scientific Management 1900 – 1930
 Industrial Engineering 1920 – Present
 Operations Research 1940 – 1970
 IE & Systems Engineering 1970 – Future
 We can see that IE has seen most of it developments in
the last century
 The new orientation i.e. IE & Systems Engineering is
building not only on the foundation of IE/OR but is also
taking the concepts from feedback control, computer
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science and systems engineering etc.
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12
 CHRONOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING

 Emergence of IE – increasing need for technically

trained people who could plan, organize, and direct
the operations of large complex systems

 F. W. Taylor – analyzing and the work content of a job

and designing the job for maximum efficiency –
effects on planning, scheduling and process

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 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION

 Industrial engineering is concerned with the design,

improvement, and installation of integrated systems of
people, materials, information, equipment, and energy.
It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the
mathematical, physical, and social sciences

 IE was predominantly taught in mechanical

engineering departments until the end of World War II
 PhDs in industrial engineering go into teaching and
positions in industry and government 14
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM

 Human factors
 Management science
 Biological science
 Physical sciences
 Information science
 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN IE

 Division of labor (Smith, 1776)

 Standardized parts (Whitney, 1800)
 Scientific management (Taylor, 1881)
 Coordinated assembly line (Ford 1913)
 Gantt charts (Gantt, 1916)
 Motion study (the Gilbreths, 1922)
 Quality control (Shewhart, 1924)
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS -
CONTINUED

 CPM/PERT (Dupont, 1957)

 MRP (Orlicky, 1960)
 CAD
 Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
 Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
NEW CHALLENGES OF IE

 Global focus
 Local or national
 Just-in-time
focus  Supply chain
 Batch shipments partnering
 Low bid purchasing  Rapid product
 Lengthy product development,
development alliances
 Standard products  Mass customization
 Job specialization
 Empowered
employees, teams
 CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE

 Learn to accomplish their mission in recognition of

the constraints – oil, other natural resources etc
 Design systems compatible with the natural
environment – wastes
 Design products that are safe and reliable – quality
control
 Improve productivity – US markets in comparison to
other countries
 In short, engineers will be expected to design
systems that optimally utilize resources for the 19
satisfaction of human needs (definition)