Kimberly Shane Gimoto Fundal

Florian Indico
What Is Architecture?
• Architecture is the craft of planning,
designing, and constructing buildings
and other physical structures.
• In the modern era, architectural styles
have evolved at an unprecedented pace,
and architects consciously select from
among these styles for their work. Some
architects work with signature styles,
while others may adopt elements of
different styles for individual projects.
• An architectural style can create a
particular feeling for both a building’s
occupants and those observing it from
the outside. A building’s style can also
help it either blend in with or stand out
from its surroundings, such as the other
buildings in the area and the natural
environment.
 Kinds of Architecture

a German style of architecture begun

by Walter Gropius in 1918.
Bauhaus literally translated to
“construction house”—originated
as a German school of the arts in the
early 20th century.
• B a u h a u s b u i l d in g s e m p h a s iz ed
geometric forms, flat roofs, modern
materials (like steel, glass, and
c o n c r e t e ) , a n d s i mp l i f i e d c o l o r
schemes typically limited to white,
gray, beige, and black.
• The bauhaus promotes
the use of materials such a tubular
steel. Material that had not been used
previously in furniture design or even
considered as a suitable material for
furniture. Tubular steel is light, versitile
and cheap.
 is the architecture of
the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern
Roman Empire. The Byzantine era is
usually dated from 330 CE, when
Constantine the Great moved the
Roman capital to Byzantium, which
became Constantinople, until the fall of
the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
• The main characteristics of Byzantine
art include a departure from
classical art forms that were highly
r e a l i s t i c i n
nature. Byzantine artists were less
concerned with mimicking reality and
more in tune with symbolism, religious
symbolism in particular.
 refers to a style of buildings originally
constructed by the Ancient Greeks and
Romans, especially between the fifth
century BC in Greece and the third
century AD in Rome.
• "Greco-Roman" architecture is
the architecture of the Roman world
that followed the principles
and style established in ancient
Greece. The most representative
building of that era was the temple.
The three primary styles of column
design used in temples in classical
Greece were Doric, Ionic and
Corinthian.
• -is a style of architecture that flourished during
the high and late medieval period. It evolved
from Romanesque architecture and was
succeeded by Renaissance architecture. For
this reason a study of Gothic architecture is
largely a study of cathedrals and churches.
 Key features: Height and grandeur, pointed arches, vaulted ceilings and
light and airy buildings.
 Key features: Height and grandeur, pointed
arches, vaulted ceilings and light and airy
buildings.
• a style of architecture developed in Italy
a n d w e s t e r n E u r o p e
between the Roman and the Gothic styl
es after 1000 AD; characterized by roun
d arches and vaults.
 Romanesque architecture is known
by its massive quality, thick walls, round
arches, sturdy pillars, barrel vaults,
large towers and decorative arcading.
• is the articulated Islamic
architecture of North Africa and parts
of Spain and Portugal (Al Andalus),
where the Moors were dominant
between 711 and 1492.
• Characteristics of Moorish
architecture include horseshoe arches,
decorative honeycombed vaults called
murqarnas, and domed ceilings.
Surfaces are often painted over with
flowing arabesques, geometric designs
or decorative
calligraphy. Moorish structures might
also feature colorful decorative glazed
 7.Neo-Mudéjar
• The Neo-Mudéjar is a type of Moorish
Revival architecture practiced in the
Iberian Peninsula, and a far lesser
extent Ibero-America. This architectural
movement emerged as a revival of the
Mudéjar Style. It appeared in the late
19th century in Madrid, and soon
spread to other region of the country.
• Such architectects as Emilio Rodriguez
Ayuso perceived the Mudéjar art as
characteristical and exclusive Spanish
style. They started to construct building
using some of the features of ancient
style, as horseshoe arches, arabesque
tiling, and the use of the abstract
shaped brick ornaments for facade.
Arch de Triomf in Barcelona Spain
• a style of architecture used in Britain du
ring the reign of Queen Victoria;charact
erized by massive construction and
elaborate ornamentation.
• Common features of Victorian
homes included towers, turrets,
dormers, and wide wrap-around
porches.
• Victorian architecture was primarily
constructed with brick and mortar. The
roofing material was typically composed
of multiple layers of coal and tar over
tongue and groove planking. Slate, a
more expensive and durable
roofing material, was also used for
high-class homes.
• Key features: ‘Dollhouse’ effect with
elaborate trim, sash windows, bay
windows, imposing 2-3 stories,
asymmetrical shape, a steep Mansard
roof, wrap-around porches, bright
colours.
 9) Tudor
• Tudor architecture is the final style
from the medieval period in England
between the 1400s-1600s. While the
Tudor Arch or the Four-Centred Arch is
the distinguishing feature most people
would recognise the timber-framed
houses of the Tudor era.
• Key features: Thatched roof, Casement
windows (diamond-shaped glass
panels with lead castings), masonry
chimneys, elaborate doorways.
 10)Neo-classical
• Considered a response to Baroque and
Rococo, Neo-classicism emerged in the
mid 18th Century and aimed to bring
back a nobility and grandeur to
architecture. Inspiration was taken from
the classic styles of Ancient Greek and
Roman buildings and design. Simplicity
and symmetry were the core values.
• Key features: Grandeur of scale, blank
walls, excessive use of columns, free-
standing columns, large buildings,
clean lines.
Casino Marino, Malahide
 11) Renaissance
• Influenced by classical styles, the
Renaissance style appeared in Italy
during the 15th Century and was
characterised by harmony, clarity and
strength. The designs were intended to
reflect the elegance and ideals of
domestic life and clues were taken from
the Roman ruins.
• Key features: Square buildings, flat
ceilings, classical motifs, arches and
domes, Roman-type columns,
enclosed courtyards, arcades of
vaulted bays.
St Peter’s Basilica, Rome
 12) Baroque
• Originating in the late 16th century in
Italy, Baroque was a departure from the
more formal Romanesque style in that it
was more emotive, ‘showy’ and aimed
to appeal to the senses. As part of the
Counter-Reformation the architecture
was an attempt to celebrate the
Catholic state.
• Key features: Broken pediments,
‘broken’ at their apex, sometimes with
a cresting ornament placed in the
centre, elaborate ornamentation,
paired columns, convex and concave
walls.
 13) Modernist
• Modernism is a blanket term given to a
movement at the turn of the 20th
Century and can include styles such as
Futurism, Post-modern and New
Classical. Forms were intended to be
free of unnecessary detail and focus on
simplicity and there is an honouring of
the materials used rather than
concealing them.
• Key features: Lack of the decorative,
low buildings, use of modern materials,
interaction with interior and exterior
spaces, use of sun and shading for
human comfort, use of glass and
natural light.