Circular Motion &

Banking of roads

By-Adittya Gupta ;Class-XI A4

Circular Motion
 A body moving in circular path with
fixed or unfixed speed is called to be
in circular motion
 It is of two types:- Uniform circular
motion & Non-Uniform circular
motion
 Uniform circular motion: Speed is
constant
Non-Uniform circular motion: Speed
changes with time
Angular Velocity(ω)

 Angular velocity is the change in

angular displacement in a time
interval that is…..
𝑑𝜃
𝜔=
𝑑𝑡

 It is related with velocity as 𝑣=𝜔

Ԧ 𝑟Ԧ
 where 𝑟Ԧ is position vector of
particle
Centripetal
acceleration
• The uniqueness of circular motion is centripetal
acceleration and its direction is towards center
𝑎𝑐 = 𝜔 x𝑣Ԧ
• It is the acceleration due to which particle remains
in constant circular path
• This is perpendicular to velocity.
Tangential Acceleration
 This is the property of non uniform circular motion and represents the rate of
change of linear velocity and is equal to:-
𝑎𝑡 =𝛼Ԧ 𝑟Ԧ
where
𝑑𝜔 𝑑 2 𝜃
𝛼=
Ԧ =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2
 𝑟𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝜇𝑠
Banking of roads v=
1−𝜇𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
 While moving along a curve of a road
a vehicle may experience a
centripetal force which should threw it
off the road

 But in practical life it isn’t observed

because of friction, but if the velocity
of the vehicle is greater then v= 𝜇𝑟𝑔
then there is a danger

 That’s why in real life roads are

inclined with the horizontal with an
angle so in order to provide a
component of normal reaction
preventing it from throwing off