 Definition

 Cultural Contexts
 Body codes: Kinesics, Oculesics, Paralanguage
 Contact Codes: Proxemics, Haptics
 Spatio-Temporal codes: Chronemics; Artifacts
 Scope
 Conclusion
 Non-verbal
communication is the
transfer of meaning
without the use of verbal
signals.
 More than 90% of human
communication is
comprised of non-verbal
cues.
 Accenting: Highlighting seriousness of order or request.

 Complementing: Highlighting genuineness of thought-action sync.

 Contradicting: Indicates extreme emotional states; it can also be

an outcome of conscious manipulation.

 Regulating: Encouraging/ Stalling the flow of communication.

 Substituting: Sign language totally replacing verbal language in

particular situations.
 High-context culture Low context culture
 Here meaning is arrived at  Meaning is conveyed through
implicitly.
explicit, clear-cut statements.
 Interpersonal relationships
 Short-term relationships;
are valued. Collectivist.
goal-driven achievements are
 General ambience, socio-
cultural dynamics play prioritized.
dominant role.  Individualistic in nature.
 Eg: France; India; Japan  Eg.: USA, UK, Germany.
 Body Codes: that are generated by the human body
 Contact Codes: that are generated by, and
between, at least two persons.
 Spatio-temporal Code— Time-perception; Culture;
Artifacts; Ambience.
 Kinesics: The Study of body movements.
 Oculesics: Communication through eye Movements
 Paralinguistics: The vocal features.
 Physical appearance: The traits that remain
unchanged during conversation.
Postures reveal our openness/ defensiveness to our
audience.
Palm Down = Authority
Palm Up = Confidence/ open to negotiation
Palm open sideways = exasperation
 In high-power distance cultures, it is insolent
to look in the eye of a senior. Eg.: India.

 In low power-distance cultures, a direct eye-

contact is valued as a sign of honesty and
straightforwardness. Eg.: USA, UK, Germany.
Also known as Vocalics, they consist of:

 Tonality or Inflections : Ups and downs in tone,

showing emotions or emphasis.
 Volume-Quality: Pitch and Range.
 Articulators: Accent, Pronunciation, Rate of words
per minute
 Voice Segregates: Pauses and Fillers.
[Eg: in the video clip at the end]
Any physical feature that remains unchanged during
conversation, in contributive to the overall effect in
the conversation. It includes height, weight,
maintenance of healthy features, skin tone.
 Proxemics, a derivative of ‘proximity’ is the
feature of space-usage in interpersonal
communication
Haptics deals with the ‘touch’ part in an
interpersonal communication. It reveals:
 Control
 Camaraderie
 Relationship-equation
 Empathy
 Power-equation revealed by handshake
 Camaraderie  Empathy
 Bill Clinton, Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat in
the photo-op of Oslo I Accord, 1993.
Spatio-temporal Codes are those that vary with
culture. The difference is emphasized by
high-context and low-context cultures. They
are:
 Chronemics
 Environment and Artifacts
Monochronic Culture: Time is viewed as linear.
It is a scarce resource. Priority on short-term
relations; project-completion. Eg. UK, USA,
Germany. Lateness impermissible.

Polychronic Culture: Time is cyclic in

perception. Multitasking allowed. Priority is
relationship-based. Deadlines relaxed. Eg.:
Most Asian and Latin American Countries.
 Artifacts include Clothing, jewelry, eye-
glasses, even the perfume we wear at work.

 Environment includes all those objects that

we use as décor in our official/residential
surroundings.
 Non-verbal communication controls majority of
the content in communication.
 They are used to initiate/ manipulate
relationship-dynamics between sender-receiver.
 Awareness of same helps reduce noise.
 Cultural consciousness of contexts helps avoid
diplomatic errors.