BY : KHAIRANNISA & LINCE KARTIKA

GERUND

Gerunds is the -Ing form of

a verb used as a noun.

- To Form Gerunds, Use :

The base form + ing
Example : I like Learning english

- To Form Negative Gerunds, Use :

Not + Gerund
Example : Not Learning english is my
biggest problem in this class.
 TYPE OF GERUND

Simple Gerund Gerund Phrase

Simple gerund only use : Gerund phrase use :

verb + ing. gerund + object
Example : Cook = Cooking Example : listening music
 THE FUNCTION OF GERUND

1. Gerund as the Subject

Example : reading book is very

important for students

2. Gerund as the Object

Example : Rina loves writing

3. Gerund after Preposition

Example : he enters the room

without saying greeting

4. Gerund as Subject Compelement

Example : Bob and Santo hobby

is playing computer games
INFINITIVE
Infinitive is to + the simple form of a verb
To form infinitive use :
To + base form of the verb
Example : I want to study english

The Function Of infinitive

1. As Subject Sentence. 2. As Sentence Object.

Example : To swim in the Example : My mission is to
river is dangerous. help the poor people.

3. Used after adjective

It is + adjective + to-infinitive. Example: It is good to talk
It is + adjective + infinitive + for someone + to-infinitive.
Example: It is hard for elephants to see mice
TYPE OF INFINITIVE

1. Infinitive To or To Infinitive
is Basic verbs use “TO”
Example : i want to study english

2. Infinitive Without “TO”

is commonly used verbs when:
1.Begins by auxiliary verb, except (to be).
2.Preceded by the word “need” and “dare”.
3.Preceded by a verb To have,To let and To
make.
4. Preceded by had better,had rather,would
rather
5.Preceded by some verbs
DIFERENCES OF GERUND AND INFINITIVE

Verbs followed by gerund : avoid, admit, appreciate, anticipate,

continue,enjoy, finish, forgive, keep, etc..
Verbs followed by infinitive : ask, allow, advice, expect, hope, invite,
learn, etc...

-Gerund using to be. Example : I’m used to crying every night.

-Infinitive not using to be. Example : I used to cry every night.

-There is a verb that can be followed ing (gerund) or begins to (infinitive)

which is not different meaning (so we can use it freely). That is: advise,
begin, continue, dislike, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose,
start.
-But,there are words that when used in the form of gerund will be
different meaning with that in the form of infinitive, that is : forget,
remember, stop, regret.
THANK YOU